Diabetes Mellitus and Endocrine System
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Questions and Answers

What is the preferred way to diagnose diabetes?

  • Fasting blood glucose test (correct)
  • Oral glucose tolerance test
  • Random blood glucose test
  • Postprandial blood glucose test
  • What are the normal fasting plasma glucose levels?

  • Less than 90 mg/dL
  • Less than 100 mg/dL
  • Less than 120 mg/dL
  • Less than 110 mg/dL (correct)
  • What do fasting plasma glucose levels of more than 126 mg/dL on two or more tests on different days indicate?

  • Impaired fasting glucose
  • Low blood sugar
  • Normal condition
  • Diabetes mellitus (correct)
  • What is the diagnosis when overnight fasting blood glucose is above 126 mg/dL on two different tests on different days?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a fasting blood glucose level in the range of 110-126 mg/dL indicate?

    <p>Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the normal blood values for a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test used to check for type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Fasting: 60 -100 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 1-hour reading of less than 200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test indicate?

    <p>Impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Between which values is considered impaired glucose tolerance during an oral glucose tolerance test?

    <p>&lt; 200 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a reading of greater than 200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test indicate?

    <p>(diabetes mellitus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "What happens when the person has fasted overnight for at least 8 hours, and a single sample of blood is drawn and analyzed?"

    <p>The preferred way to diagnose diabetes is followed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a fasting blood glucose level above 126 mg/dl on two or more tests on different days indicate?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the normal blood values for a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test used to check for type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Fasting: 60 -100 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of insulin in the body?

    <p>To decrease blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the pancreas produce insulin?

    <p>Beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe high blood glucose levels?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In diabetes mellitus, what causes hyperglycemia?

    <p>Insufficient production of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of glucose in the urine?

    <p>Glycosuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary defect in diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Defect in insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of beta cells in the pancreas?

    <p>Produce insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a deficiency of insulin production?

    <p>Insulinopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key regulator of insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released from the pancreas to increase glucose level when blood glucose level is decreased?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In most tissues, how does insulin influence glucose metabolism in muscles?

    <p>Stimulates glycogen synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Loss of insulin-producing beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant abnormality in the early stage of Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Reduced insulin sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?

    <p>Both inadequate insulin secretion and responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if gestational diabetes is left untreated?

    <p>Macrosomia (high birth weight)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the early symptoms related to untreated diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Weight loss, frequent urination, and excessive thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results when insulin deficiency leads to uninhibited gluconeogenesis and prevents the use and storage of circulating glucose?

    <p>Ketone production and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of extremely elevated glucose levels in diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Lethargy and coma (diabetic coma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insufficient production of insulin leads to hypoglycemia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The absence or insufficient production of insulin can cause hyperglycemia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'Diabetes' is derived from 'sweet urine'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin is released from the pancreas to increase glucose levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin and glucagon are hormones responsible for the production and secretion of the endocrine system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperglycemia causes the spillage of glucose into the urine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and relatively reduced insulin secretion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) disappears after delivery and does not pose any long-term risks for the mother.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pre-diabetes indicates blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The early symptoms of untreated diabetes mellitus are related to decreased blood sugar levels and glycosuria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperglycemia results when insulin deficiency leads to the increased use and storage of circulating glucose.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL after overnight fasting would indicate diabetes mellitus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is diagnosed when the fasting blood glucose level is between 110-126 mg/dL.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fasting plasma glucose levels of less than 110 mg/dL are indicative of diabetes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 1-hour reading of 250 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test is considered normal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 2-hour reading of 160 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test is considered impaired glucose tolerance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the overnight fasting blood glucose is greater than 126 mg/dL on one test, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is made.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normal blood values for a fasting blood glucose test used to diagnose diabetes are between 90-120 mg/dL.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fasting blood glucose level in the range of 110-126 mg/dL indicates normal glucose tolerance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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