51 Questions
What is the preferred way to diagnose diabetes?
Fasting blood glucose test
What are the normal fasting plasma glucose levels?
Less than 110 mg/dL
What do fasting plasma glucose levels of more than 126 mg/dL on two or more tests on different days indicate?
Diabetes mellitus
What is the diagnosis when overnight fasting blood glucose is above 126 mg/dL on two different tests on different days?
Diabetes mellitus
What does a fasting blood glucose level in the range of 110-126 mg/dL indicate?
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)
What are the normal blood values for a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test used to check for type 2 diabetes?
Fasting: 60 -100 mg/dL
What does a 1-hour reading of less than 200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test indicate?
Impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes)
Between which values is considered impaired glucose tolerance during an oral glucose tolerance test?
< 200 mg/dL
What does a reading of greater than 200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test indicate?
(diabetes mellitus)
"What happens when the person has fasted overnight for at least 8 hours, and a single sample of blood is drawn and analyzed?"
The preferred way to diagnose diabetes is followed.
What does a fasting blood glucose level above 126 mg/dl on two or more tests on different days indicate?
Diabetes mellitus
What are the normal blood values for a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test used to check for type 2 diabetes?
Fasting: 60 -100 mg/dL
What is the role of insulin in the body?
To decrease blood glucose levels
Which cells in the pancreas produce insulin?
Beta cells
What is the term used to describe high blood glucose levels?
Hyperglycemia
In diabetes mellitus, what causes hyperglycemia?
Insufficient production of insulin
What is the term for the presence of glucose in the urine?
Glycosuria
Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?
Glucagon
What is the primary defect in diabetes mellitus?
Defect in insulin secretion
What is the function of beta cells in the pancreas?
Produce insulin
Which term describes a deficiency of insulin production?
Insulinopenia
What is the key regulator of insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cells?
Glucose
What is released from the pancreas to increase glucose level when blood glucose level is decreased?
Glucagon
In most tissues, how does insulin influence glucose metabolism in muscles?
Stimulates glycogen synthesis
What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Loss of insulin-producing beta cells
What is the predominant abnormality in the early stage of Type 2 diabetes?
Reduced insulin sensitivity
What characterizes Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?
Both inadequate insulin secretion and responsiveness
What can happen if gestational diabetes is left untreated?
Macrosomia (high birth weight)
What are the early symptoms related to untreated diabetes mellitus?
Weight loss, frequent urination, and excessive thirst
What results when insulin deficiency leads to uninhibited gluconeogenesis and prevents the use and storage of circulating glucose?
Ketone production and weight loss
What is a potential risk of extremely elevated glucose levels in diabetes mellitus?
Lethargy and coma (diabetic coma)
Insufficient production of insulin leads to hypoglycemia.
False
The absence or insufficient production of insulin can cause hyperglycemia.
True
The term 'Diabetes' is derived from 'sweet urine'.
True
Insulin is released from the pancreas to increase glucose levels.
False
Insulin and glucagon are hormones responsible for the production and secretion of the endocrine system.
False
Hyperglycemia causes the spillage of glucose into the urine.
True
Insulin stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver.
False
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and relatively reduced insulin secretion.
False
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) disappears after delivery and does not pose any long-term risks for the mother.
False
Pre-diabetes indicates blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.
False
The early symptoms of untreated diabetes mellitus are related to decreased blood sugar levels and glycosuria.
False
Hyperglycemia results when insulin deficiency leads to the increased use and storage of circulating glucose.
False
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL after overnight fasting would indicate diabetes mellitus.
True
Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is diagnosed when the fasting blood glucose level is between 110-126 mg/dL.
True
Fasting plasma glucose levels of less than 110 mg/dL are indicative of diabetes.
False
A 1-hour reading of 250 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test is considered normal.
False
A 2-hour reading of 160 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test is considered impaired glucose tolerance.
False
If the overnight fasting blood glucose is greater than 126 mg/dL on one test, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is made.
False
Normal blood values for a fasting blood glucose test used to diagnose diabetes are between 90-120 mg/dL.
False
A fasting blood glucose level in the range of 110-126 mg/dL indicates normal glucose tolerance.
False
Test your knowledge on diabetes mellitus and the endocrine system. Learn about the group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels and the role of the endocrine system in the production and secretion of hormones like insulin and glucagon.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
