58 Questions
What is the effect of decreasing caloric intake and increasing physical activity on insulin needs?
Insulin needs are decreased
What is the primary mechanism of action of biguanides such as metformin?
Reducing glucose production in the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity
Which oral antidiabetic medication is also chemically related to sulfonamide antibacterial medications?
Glyburide
What is a common side effect of thiazolidinediones such as rosiglitazone?
Upper respiratory tract infections
Which oral antidiabetic medication acts on the intestine to delay carbohydrate absorption?
Acarbose
What is a unique feature of meglitinides such as repaglinide compared to sulfonylureas?
They are shorter-acting
What is the primary mechanism of action of sitagliptin in the management of diabetes?
Inhibiting the inactivation of the hormone that stimulates insulin release
Which of the following medications is used as an adjunctive therapy to regulate glucose postprandial in type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Pramlintide
Which of the following signs or symptoms is NOT associated with hypothyroidism?
Increased heart rate
What is the primary indication for the use of propylthiouracil?
Hyperthyroidism
What is the primary mechanism of action of exenatide in the management of type 2 diabetes?
Mimicking the action of incretin hormones
Which of the following laboratory tests is elevated in hypothyroidism?
TSH
What is the primary reason for 'tight control' being more important in Type 1 diabetes compared to Type 2 diabetes?
Microvascular complications are more prevalent in Type 1 diabetes
Which of the following insulin types does not have a peak action?
Long duration insulin
What is the primary factor that influences the dosage schedule of insulin therapy?
Blood sugar levels
What is the advantage of using premixed vials in insulin therapy?
They are more convenient for common combinations
Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases insulin needs?
Thyroid hormone replacement
What is the recommended method of administration for insulin therapy?
Subcutaneous injection
What is the primary advantage of using gliptins in diabetes management?
Reduced risk of hypoglycemia
What is the mechanism of action of amylin analogs in diabetes management?
Regulating glucose postprandial
What is the primary indication for the use of levothyroxine in thyroid disorders?
Hypothyroidism
What is the effect of incretin mimetics on the pancreas in diabetes management?
Stimulate insulin release based on food intake
Which oral antidiabetic medication is used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin based on food intake?
Exenatide
What is the primary side effect of gliptins in diabetes management?
Runny nose, sore throat, and headache
What is the primary mechanism of action of pramlintide in diabetes management?
Regulating glucose postprandial
What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose hypothyroidism?
TSH
What is the primary cause of sustained hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?
Deficiency in insulin
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?
Usually childhood or adolescence onset
What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Presence of beta cells
What is a common complication of uncontrolled diabetes?
All of the above
Which of the following oral antidiabetic medications acts on the intestine to delay carbohydrate absorption?
Acarbose
What is the primary mechanism of action of incretin mimetics in the management of diabetes?
Stimulating insulin secretion
What is the primary indication for the use of insulin therapy in Type 2 diabetes?
Patients with inadequate glucose control on oral antidiabetic medications
Which of the following is a long-term complication of uncontrolled diabetes?
Macrovascular disease
In Type 2 diabetes, what is the primary advantage of initiating treatment with lifestyle measures and metformin?
Reducing the risk of macrovascular complications
What is the primary difference between short-acting and long-acting insulins?
Onset and duration of action
Which of the following is a factor that increases insulin needs in a patient with diabetes?
All of the above
What is the primary advantage of using insulin pens and injectors in insulin therapy?
Increased convenience
In diabetes management, when is the peak action of insulin most likely to occur?
At the peak of action
What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in terms of treatment?
Insulin therapy is only required in Type 1 diabetes
How is insulin typically stored?
In a refrigerator
What is the primary purpose of using a sliding scale in insulin therapy?
To individualize insulin dosages based on blood glucose levels
What is the primary mechanism of action of Hemoglobin A1C in diagnosing diabetes?
Measuring blood glucose levels over the previous 2-3 months
What is the primary consequence of diabetic nephropathy?
End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis
What is the primary benefit of self-monitoring blood sugar levels with a glucometer in diabetes management?
Optimizing insulin therapy
What is the primary consequence of gastroparesis in diabetes?
Delayed stomach emptying and nausea/vomiting
What is the primary reason for recommending regular foot checks in diabetes management?
To prevent amputations due to infection
What is the primary benefit of oral glucose tolerance testing in diabetes diagnosis?
Diagnosing diabetes in asymptomatic individuals
What is the primary mechanism of action of diabetic neuropathy?
Nerve degeneration
What is the primary consequence of hypertension in diabetes?
Increased risk of heart disease and stroke
What is the effect of weight reduction on insulin needs?
It decreases insulin needs
Which of the following oral antidiabetic medications does not cause hypoglycemia?
Metformin
What is the primary benefit of using biguanides in younger and obese patients?
It may actually prevent diabetes
Which of the following oral antidiabetic medications is chemically related to sulfonamide antibacterial medications?
Glyburide
What is the primary mechanism of action of meglitinides?
Stimulating insulin release
What is the primary advantage of using thiazolidinediones in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
They decrease insulin resistance
Which of the following oral antidiabetic medications acts on the intestine to delay carbohydrate absorption?
Acarbose
What is the primary side effect of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect of metformin?
Alcohol consumption
Test your knowledge on non-insulin injectable agents used to treat diabetes, including gliptins, amylin analogs, and incretin mimetics. Learn about their mechanisms of action, side effects, and patient populations. Prepare to regulate glucose levels!
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