Diabetes Medications: Non-Insulin Injectable Agents
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of decreasing caloric intake and increasing physical activity on insulin needs?

  • Insulin needs are decreased (correct)
  • Insulin needs remain the same
  • Insulin therapy is no longer necessary
  • Insulin needs are increased

    • What is the primary mechanism of action of biguanides such as metformin?

  • Stimulating insulin release
  • Increasing insulin resistance
  • Delaying carbohydrate absorption
  • Reducing glucose production in the liver and increasing insulin sensitivity (correct)

    • Which oral antidiabetic medication is also chemically related to sulfonamide antibacterial medications?

  • Metformin
  • Acarbose
  • Rosiglitazone
  • Glyburide (correct)

    • What is a common side effect of thiazolidinediones such as rosiglitazone?

    <p>Upper respiratory tract infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral antidiabetic medication acts on the intestine to delay carbohydrate absorption?

    <p>Acarbose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of meglitinides such as repaglinide compared to sulfonylureas?

    <p>They are shorter-acting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of sitagliptin in the management of diabetes?

    <p>Inhibiting the inactivation of the hormone that stimulates insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used as an adjunctive therapy to regulate glucose postprandial in type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Pramlintide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs or symptoms is NOT associated with hypothyroidism?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of propylthiouracil?

    <p>Hyperthyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of exenatide in the management of type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Mimicking the action of incretin hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laboratory tests is elevated in hypothyroidism?

    <p>TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for 'tight control' being more important in Type 1 diabetes compared to Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Microvascular complications are more prevalent in Type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following insulin types does not have a peak action?

    <p>Long duration insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the dosage schedule of insulin therapy?

    <p>Blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using premixed vials in insulin therapy?

    <p>They are more convenient for common combinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases insulin needs?

    <p>Thyroid hormone replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method of administration for insulin therapy?

    <p>Subcutaneous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using gliptins in diabetes management?

    <p>Reduced risk of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of amylin analogs in diabetes management?

    <p>Regulating glucose postprandial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of levothyroxine in thyroid disorders?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of incretin mimetics on the pancreas in diabetes management?

    <p>Stimulate insulin release based on food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral antidiabetic medication is used to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin based on food intake?

    <p>Exenatide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary side effect of gliptins in diabetes management?

    <p>Runny nose, sore throat, and headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of pramlintide in diabetes management?

    <p>Regulating glucose postprandial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose hypothyroidism?

    <p>TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of sustained hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Deficiency in insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Usually childhood or adolescence onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Presence of beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of uncontrolled diabetes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oral antidiabetic medications acts on the intestine to delay carbohydrate absorption?

    <p>Acarbose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of incretin mimetics in the management of diabetes?

    <p>Stimulating insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for the use of insulin therapy in Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Patients with inadequate glucose control on oral antidiabetic medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a long-term complication of uncontrolled diabetes?

    <p>Macrovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Type 2 diabetes, what is the primary advantage of initiating treatment with lifestyle measures and metformin?

    <p>Reducing the risk of macrovascular complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between short-acting and long-acting insulins?

    <p>Onset and duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that increases insulin needs in a patient with diabetes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using insulin pens and injectors in insulin therapy?

    <p>Increased convenience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In diabetes management, when is the peak action of insulin most likely to occur?

    <p>At the peak of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in terms of treatment?

    <p>Insulin therapy is only required in Type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is insulin typically stored?

    <p>In a refrigerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a sliding scale in insulin therapy?

    <p>To individualize insulin dosages based on blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Hemoglobin A1C in diagnosing diabetes?

    <p>Measuring blood glucose levels over the previous 2-3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of diabetic nephropathy?

    <p>End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of self-monitoring blood sugar levels with a glucometer in diabetes management?

    <p>Optimizing insulin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of gastroparesis in diabetes?

    <p>Delayed stomach emptying and nausea/vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for recommending regular foot checks in diabetes management?

    <p>To prevent amputations due to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of oral glucose tolerance testing in diabetes diagnosis?

    <p>Diagnosing diabetes in asymptomatic individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of diabetic neuropathy?

    <p>Nerve degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of hypertension in diabetes?

    <p>Increased risk of heart disease and stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of weight reduction on insulin needs?

    <p>It decreases insulin needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oral antidiabetic medications does not cause hypoglycemia?

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using biguanides in younger and obese patients?

    <p>It may actually prevent diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oral antidiabetic medications is chemically related to sulfonamide antibacterial medications?

    <p>Glyburide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of meglitinides?

    <p>Stimulating insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using thiazolidinediones in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?

    <p>They decrease insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oral antidiabetic medications acts on the intestine to delay carbohydrate absorption?

    <p>Acarbose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary side effect of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect of metformin?

    <p>Alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

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