Podcast
Questions and Answers
A nurse is caring for a client with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client requires further teaching?
A nurse is caring for a client with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client requires further teaching?
- "I need to check my blood sugar before meals and at bedtime."
- "I can stop taking insulin once my blood sugar is under control." (correct)
- “I need to rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy."
- "I should always carry a snack in case my blood sugar drops."
A nurse is teaching a client about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
A nurse is teaching a client about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- Irritability (correct)
- Sweating (correct)
- Pallor (correct)
- Hypertension
- Hunger (correct)
- Bradycardia
Which of the following lab values confirms a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following lab values confirms a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
- 2-hour glucose tolerance test result of 220 mg/dL (correct)
- A1C of 5.6%
- Random glucose level of 125 mg/dL
- Fasting blood glucose of 85 mg/dL
The nurse is providing education about gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Which of the following is a complication of GDM?
The nurse is providing education about gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Which of the following is a complication of GDM?
A client with Type 2 diabetes mellitus asks why exercise is important. The nurse's best response is:
A client with Type 2 diabetes mellitus asks why exercise is important. The nurse's best response is:
Which of the following is an early sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Which of the following is an early sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
The nurse should teach a client that which of the following medications can induce iatrogenic diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
The nurse should teach a client that which of the following medications can induce iatrogenic diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
Which of the following statements about Type 2 diabetes is correct?
Which of the following statements about Type 2 diabetes is correct?
A nurse is preparing to administer rapid-acting insulin. Which statement is correct?
A nurse is preparing to administer rapid-acting insulin. Which statement is correct?
A client with Type 1 diabetes mellitus is found unconscious. The nurse should immediately:
A client with Type 1 diabetes mellitus is found unconscious. The nurse should immediately:
Which insulin has no peak and provides basal glucose control?
Which insulin has no peak and provides basal glucose control?
A client newly diagnosed with diabetes asks about lifestyle changes. Which recommendations should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.)
A client newly diagnosed with diabetes asks about lifestyle changes. Which recommendations should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.)
The nurse should monitor which lab value to assess long-term blood glucose control?
The nurse should monitor which lab value to assess long-term blood glucose control?
Which of the following symptoms are associated with hyperglycemia? (Select all that apply.)
Which of the following symptoms are associated with hyperglycemia? (Select all that apply.)
The nurse should instruct a client with diabetes to seek medical attention if which occurs?
The nurse should instruct a client with diabetes to seek medical attention if which occurs?
Which of the following clients is at highest risk for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following clients is at highest risk for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
The nurse is providing education to a newly diagnosed client with diabetes. Which statement indicates an understanding of foot care?
The nurse is providing education to a newly diagnosed client with diabetes. Which statement indicates an understanding of foot care?
Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about dietary modifications. Which statement is correct?
A nurse is teaching a client with diabetes about dietary modifications. Which statement is correct?
A nurse is assessing a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which laboratory finding is expected?
A nurse is assessing a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which laboratory finding is expected?
Which symptom is characteristic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?
Which symptom is characteristic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?
A nurse is teaching about long-acting insulin. Which statement indicates correct understanding?
A nurse is teaching about long-acting insulin. Which statement indicates correct understanding?
The nurse is reviewing signs of metabolic syndrome. Which findings are consistent with this condition? (Select all that apply.)
The nurse is reviewing signs of metabolic syndrome. Which findings are consistent with this condition? (Select all that apply.)
The nurse is caring for a client with a blood glucose of 52 mg/dL. What is the priority action?
The nurse is caring for a client with a blood glucose of 52 mg/dL. What is the priority action?
A client with diabetes is prescribed metformin. What is an important teaching point?
A client with diabetes is prescribed metformin. What is an important teaching point?
The nurse knows which statement about insulin therapy is correct?
The nurse knows which statement about insulin therapy is correct?
The nurse should monitor for which complication in a client with diabetes?
The nurse should monitor for which complication in a client with diabetes?
A client with Type 2 diabetes is experiencing hyperglycemia. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A client with Type 2 diabetes is experiencing hyperglycemia. What is the priority nursing intervention?
A nurse is teaching a diabetic client about exercise. Which recommendation is correct?
A nurse is teaching a diabetic client about exercise. Which recommendation is correct?
A nurse is providing education about the 15-15 rule for hypoglycemia. What does this involve?
A nurse is providing education about the 15-15 rule for hypoglycemia. What does this involve?
Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes?
Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes?
Which client should be evaluated for gestational diabetes?
Which client should be evaluated for gestational diabetes?
A nurse is preparing to administer NPH insulin. Which statement is correct?
A nurse is preparing to administer NPH insulin. Which statement is correct?
Study Notes
- Type 1 diabetes is insulin-dependent, so insulin should not be stopped even if blood sugar is controlled.
Hypoglycemia: Signs and Symptoms
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Sweating
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Irritability
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Hunger
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Pallor
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A 2-hour glucose tolerance test value ≥ 200 mg/dL confirms diabetes.
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Preeclampsia is a known complication of GDM.
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Exercise helps increase insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose levels.
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Polyuria is an early sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Medications That Can Induce Iatrogenic Diabetes:
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Glucocorticoids
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Antipsychotics
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Antiretrovirals
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Immune inhibitors
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Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance.
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Rapid-acting insulin should be given right before meals.
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An unconscious hypoglycemic client should receive glucagon or IV dextrose.
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Glargine has no peak and provides steady glucose control.
Lifestyle Recommendations for Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Clients:
- Engage in at least 150 minutes of exercise weekly.
- Maintain a BMI of less than 25.
- Avoid tobacco use.
- Hemoglobin A1C reflects blood glucose levels over 3 months.
Symptoms Associated with Hyperglycemia:
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Polyuria
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Polydipsia
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Fatigue
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Blurred vision
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Nausea, vomiting, and ketones indicate DKA, requiring medical attention.
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Obesity and hypertension are strong risk factors for Type 2 diabetes.
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Diabetic clients should inspect their feet daily due to neuropathy risk.
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Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease causing beta-cell destruction.
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Fiber helps control blood sugar and improves overall metabolic health.
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DKA is characterized by metabolic acidosis (low pH), high glucose, and ketones.
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HHS causes extreme dehydration but lacks significant ketones.
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Long-acting insulin provides steady blood glucose control.
Findings Consistent with Metabolic Syndrome:
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Hypertension
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Increased waist circumference
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Low HDL cholesterol
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Hyperglycemia
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The first step in treating hypoglycemia is to give fast-acting carbohydrates.
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Alcohol increases the risk of lactic acidosis when taken with metformin.
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Long-acting insulin (glargine) should not be mixed with other insulins.
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Retinopathy is a common long-term complication of diabetes.
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Hydration helps prevent complications of hyperglycemia.
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Blood glucose should be above 100 mg/dL before exercising to prevent hypoglycemia.
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The 15-15 rule is used to treat hypoglycemia involves eating 15 grams of carbohydrates and checking blood glucose in 15 minutes.
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Frequent infections occur due to high blood sugar impairing immune function.
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Obesity and family history increase the risk for gestational diabetes.
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NPH insulin is cloudy and must be mixed before use.
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Description
Overview of diabetes types, symptoms of hypoglycemia, diagnostic tests, and medications that can induce diabetes. Includes lifestyle recommendations for newly diagnosed diabetic clients, such as exercise and maintaining a healthy BMI.
