Diabetes Definition and Types

Definition and Types

• Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels
• There are three main types of diabetes:
  1. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D): Autoimmune disease, body doesn't produce enough insulin
  2. Type 2 Diabetes (T2D): Metabolic disorder, body doesn't produce or respond to insulin effectively
  3. Gestational Diabetes (GDM): Develops during pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester

Causes and Risk Factors

• T1D: Genetics, autoimmune response, environmental factors
• T2D: Obesity, physical inactivity, genetics, family history, age, certain medications
• GDM: Hormonal changes, obesity, family history, age, previous history of GDM

Symptoms

• Increased thirst and hunger
• Frequent urination
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow healing of cuts and wounds
• Tingling or numbness in hands and feet
• Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections

Diagnosis

• Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test
• Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
• Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test
• Random plasma glucose test

Treatment and Management

• T1D: Insulin therapy, lifestyle changes (diet, exercise)
• T2D: Lifestyle changes, oral medications, insulin therapy (if necessary)
• GDM: Diet, exercise, insulin therapy (if necessary)
• Monitoring blood sugar levels
• Managing blood pressure and cholesterol levels

Complications

• Short-term: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), diabetic ketoacidosis
• Long-term: Heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, vision loss, foot damage

Definition and Types

• Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels
• There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes
• Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the body doesn't produce enough insulin
• Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder in which the body doesn't produce or respond to insulin effectively
• Gestational Diabetes (GDM) develops during pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester

Causes and Risk Factors

• Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is caused by genetics, autoimmune response, and environmental factors
• Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is caused by obesity, physical inactivity, genetics, family history, age, and certain medications
• Gestational Diabetes (GDM) is caused by hormonal changes, obesity, family history, age, and previous history of GDM

Symptoms

• Increased thirst and hunger are common symptoms of diabetes
• Frequent urination is a symptom of diabetes
• Fatigue is a symptom of diabetes
• Blurred vision is a symptom of diabetes
• Slow healing of cuts and wounds is a symptom of diabetes
• Tingling or numbness in hands and feet is a symptom of diabetes
• Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections are symptoms of diabetes

Diagnosis

• Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) test is used to diagnose diabetes
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is used to diagnose diabetes
• Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is used to diagnose diabetes
• Random Plasma Glucose test is used to diagnose diabetes

Treatment and Management

• Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is treated with insulin therapy and lifestyle changes (diet, exercise)
• Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is treated with lifestyle changes, oral medications, and insulin therapy (if necessary)
• Gestational Diabetes (GDM) is treated with diet, exercise, and insulin therapy (if necessary)
• Monitoring blood sugar levels is crucial for managing diabetes
• Managing blood pressure and cholesterol levels is crucial for managing diabetes

Complications

• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is a short-term complication of diabetes
• Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) is a short-term complication of diabetes
• Diabetic ketoacidosis is a short-term complication of diabetes
• Heart disease is a long-term complication of diabetes
• Stroke is a long-term complication of diabetes
• Kidney disease is a long-term complication of diabetes
• Nerve damage is a long-term complication of diabetes
• Vision loss is a long-term complication of diabetes
• Foot damage is a long-term complication of diabetes