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Questions and Answers
What is a mechanism implicated in the deleterious effects of persistent hyperglycemia on peripheral tissues?
What is a mechanism implicated in the deleterious effects of persistent hyperglycemia on peripheral tissues?
- Enhanced insulin secretion
- Increased glucose uptake
- Formation of advanced glycation end products (correct)
- Activation of mTOR pathway
Which process involves the generation of fructose-6-phosphate in relation to persistent hyperglycemia?
Which process involves the generation of fructose-6-phosphate in relation to persistent hyperglycemia?
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Activation of protein kinase C
- Krebs cycle
- Hexosamine pathways (correct)
What is a characteristic feature of diabetic macrovascular disease?
What is a characteristic feature of diabetic macrovascular disease?
- Decreased aneurysms
- Decreased atherosclerosis
- Enhanced vascular function
- Accelerated atherosclerosis (correct)
In Type 2 Diabetes, what may be observed related to islet cell mass?
In Type 2 Diabetes, what may be observed related to islet cell mass?
Which condition is about 100 times more common in diabetes patients than in the general population?
Which condition is about 100 times more common in diabetes patients than in the general population?
What causes myocardial infarction in diabetes?
What causes myocardial infarction in diabetes?
What leads to amyloid deposition within islets in Type 2 Diabetes?
What leads to amyloid deposition within islets in Type 2 Diabetes?
What skin manifestation is commonly seen in patients with type A insulin resistance?
What skin manifestation is commonly seen in patients with type A insulin resistance?
What is the term used to describe women who were previously euglycemic but develop impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes for the first time during pregnancy?
What is the term used to describe women who were previously euglycemic but develop impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes for the first time during pregnancy?
What is a potential risk for newborns of mothers with poorly controlled diabetes later in pregnancy?
What is a potential risk for newborns of mothers with poorly controlled diabetes later in pregnancy?
During the 'honeymoon period' following overt Type 1 diabetes, what characterizes the initial 1 or 2 years?
During the 'honeymoon period' following overt Type 1 diabetes, what characterizes the initial 1 or 2 years?
What characteristic age group is typically associated with Type 2 diabetes?
What characteristic age group is typically associated with Type 2 diabetes?
What symptoms might prompt obese individuals over 45 years to seek medical attention for possible diabetes?
What symptoms might prompt obese individuals over 45 years to seek medical attention for possible diabetes?
What is the main concern for individuals with poor control of diabetes later in pregnancy?
What is the main concern for individuals with poor control of diabetes later in pregnancy?
'Gestational' diabetes occurs when women who were previously euglycemic develop what condition during pregnancy?
'Gestational' diabetes occurs when women who were previously euglycemic develop what condition during pregnancy?
What is a characteristic feature of many insulinomas?
What is a characteristic feature of many insulinomas?
What percentage of islet cell tumors demonstrate excessive insulin secretion?
What percentage of islet cell tumors demonstrate excessive insulin secretion?
What is a critical laboratory finding in insulinomas?
What is a critical laboratory finding in insulinomas?
What is usually followed by prompt reversal of the hypoglycemia in cases of insulinomas?
What is usually followed by prompt reversal of the hypoglycemia in cases of insulinomas?
Which type of tumors make up only about 10% of cases?
Which type of tumors make up only about 10% of cases?
In how many cases does hypoglycemia become clinically symptomatic?
In how many cases does hypoglycemia become clinically symptomatic?
What is a common size characteristic of solitary tumors?
What is a common size characteristic of solitary tumors?
What feature helps diagnose Bona fide carcinomas?
What feature helps diagnose Bona fide carcinomas?
What is the characteristic feature of Nodular Glomerulosclerosis under microscopy?
What is the characteristic feature of Nodular Glomerulosclerosis under microscopy?
Which type of Glomerulosclerosis is also known as Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease?
Which type of Glomerulosclerosis is also known as Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease?
What is the most profound ocular complication of diabetes according to the text?
What is the most profound ocular complication of diabetes according to the text?
Which type of matrix deposits are PAS-positive in Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis?
Which type of matrix deposits are PAS-positive in Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis?
What is the main effect of diabetes-induced hyperglycemia on the lens of the eye?
What is the main effect of diabetes-induced hyperglycemia on the lens of the eye?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic finding of Nodular Glomerulosclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic finding of Nodular Glomerulosclerosis?
What is the primary mechanism through which Glaucoma affects vision in diabetic patients?
What is the primary mechanism through which Glaucoma affects vision in diabetic patients?
What is the key feature of Glomerular lesions in Nodular Glomerulosclerosis?
What is the key feature of Glomerular lesions in Nodular Glomerulosclerosis?
Which type of adrenal cortical hyperplasia is much less common than ACTH-dependent adrenal cortical hyperplasia?
Which type of adrenal cortical hyperplasia is much less common than ACTH-dependent adrenal cortical hyperplasia?
What is the size of the nodules typically seen in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH)?
What is the size of the nodules typically seen in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH)?
Which gene mutation is commonly associated with micronodular adrenal hyperplasia?
Which gene mutation is commonly associated with micronodular adrenal hyperplasia?
What is the characteristic morphology change observed in ACTH-producing cells of the anterior pituitary in Crooke hyaline change?
What is the characteristic morphology change observed in ACTH-producing cells of the anterior pituitary in Crooke hyaline change?
In which condition do germline mutations activate the GNAS gene, leading to a multisystemic disease?
In which condition do germline mutations activate the GNAS gene, leading to a multisystemic disease?
Which type of Cushing syndrome is characterized by high levels of cortisol with low levels of ACTH?
Which type of Cushing syndrome is characterized by high levels of cortisol with low levels of ACTH?
What is the main alteration observed in the pituitary and adrenal glands due to high levels of glucocorticoids?
What is the main alteration observed in the pituitary and adrenal glands due to high levels of glucocorticoids?
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