Diabetes and Medications Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of Type 1 Diabetes?

  • Insulin resistance
  • Pancreatic β-cell destruction (correct)
  • Excessive insulin production
  • None of the above

    • Which of the following is a common adverse effect of Metformin?

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Increased appetite
  • GI disturbances (correct)
  • Weight gain

    • Sulfonylureas primarily act by:

  • Increasing insulin sensitivity
  • Stimulating pancreatic insulin secretion (correct)
  • Decreasing hepatic glucose production
  • Inhibiting glucose absorption

    • Which class of drugs is known for causing weight loss as a beneficial side effect?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is most commonly associated with Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>Cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of diabetes?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most serious adverse effect of insulin therapy?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thiazolidinediones have been associated with an increased risk of:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is typically the first choice for Type 2 Diabetes treatment?

    <p>Biguanides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of insulin resistance?

    <p>Acanthosis nigricans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin type has the fastest onset of action?

    <p>Rapid-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a contraindication for the use of Thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of diabetes management?

    <p>Managing blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to monitor long-term glucose control in diabetics?

    <p>Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gestational diabetes is most likely to develop during:

    <p>The third trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs has the lowest risk of causing hypoglycemia?

    <p>Biguanides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended first step in managing newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>Lifestyle modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can result in hypoglycemia?

    <p>Skipping meals after insulin administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about insulin regimens?

    <p>Basal-bolus regimens provide better blood sugar control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is mimicked by GLP-1 agonists?

    <p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect associated with SGLT2 inhibitors?

    <p>Genital infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is most associated with autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral diabetes medication is known to reduce hepatic glucose production?

    <p>Biguanides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a chronic complication of diabetes?

    <p>Acute pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures?

    <p>Thiazolidinediones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following insulin types has no peak activity?

    <p>Long-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DPP-4 inhibitors act by:

    <p>Increasing incretin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of GLP-1 agonists?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is most commonly used to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes?

    <p>Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'basal' component in basal-bolus insulin therapy refers to:

    <p>Long-acting insulin to maintain fasting glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is recommended as a second-line therapy for Type 2 Diabetes after metformin?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of insulin secretagogues like sulfonylureas?

    <p>Stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complications is NOT directly related to insulin therapy?

    <p>Hyperlipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using GLP-1 agonists in diabetes management?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an indication for insulin therapy in Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>Poor glucose control with oral medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drug classes should be used with caution in patients with heart failure?

    <p>Thiazolidinediones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is associated with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors?

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is most effective in preventing the progression of Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>Lifestyle modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be avoided in patients with severe renal impairment?

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a hallmark sign of Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>Autoimmune destruction of β-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs works by inhibiting DPP-4 enzyme?

    <p>Sitagliptin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is most likely to present with ketoacidosis?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause hypoglycemia?

    <p>Glimepiride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is GLP-1 agonists particularly beneficial in managing, besides diabetes?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following insulin types is usually administered once daily?

    <p>Long-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential serious side effect of Metformin?

    <p>Lactic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding insulin pumps?

    <p>They provide a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drug classes is associated with fluid retention and edema?

    <p>Thiazolidinediones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical onset of action for rapid-acting insulin?

    <p>0.25-0.5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class reduces glucose reabsorption in the kidneys?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is primarily related to lifestyle factors?

    <p>Type 2 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Metformin?

    <p>Increased insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is contraindicated in patients with a history of bladder cancer?

    <p>Pioglitazone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests provides the most immediate feedback on blood glucose levels?

    <p>Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major complication associated with poorly controlled diabetes?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is least likely to cause hypoglycemia?

    <p>Dapagliflozin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class should be avoided in patients with severe heart failure?

    <p>Thiazolidinediones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin regimen offers the most flexibility in meal planning?

    <p>Basal-bolus regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the first step in managing gestational diabetes?

    <p>Lifestyle modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

    • Type 1 Diabetes primarily results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells.
    • Type 2 Diabetes is often associated with insulin resistance and lifestyle factors.
    • Common complications include cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease.

    Diabetes Medications

    • Metformin: Commonly causes gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances; notable for reducing hepatic glucose production.
    • Sulfonylureas: Stimulate pancreatic insulin secretion; higher risk of hypoglycemia.
    • SGLT2 Inhibitors: Promote weight loss and have a low risk of hypoglycemia; work by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the kidneys.
    • GLP-1 Agonists: Mimic glucagon-like peptide-1; beneficial for weight loss and reducing cardiovascular risk.
    • Thiazolidinediones: Associated with fluid retention and an increased risk of fractures and bladder cancer.

    Insulin Therapy

    • Rapid-acting insulin has the fastest onset of action (0.25-0.5 hours).
    • Long-acting insulin provides a "basal" level of insulin to maintain fasting glucose levels.
    • A key adverse effect of insulin therapy is hypoglycemia, which occurs particularly if meals are missed after insulin administration.

    Diagnosis and Monitoring

    • The primary tests for diagnosing diabetes include Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), Random Blood Glucose (RBG), and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c).
    • HbA1c is used for long-term glucose control monitoring.

    Lifestyle and Management

    • Lifestyle modification is the first step in managing newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and gestational diabetes.
    • Weight gain is not a typical symptom of diabetes; instead, symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, and blurred vision.

    Complications and Risks

    • Ketoacidosis is a severe complication primarily associated with Type 1 Diabetes.
    • Insulin resistance is often indicated by conditions such as acanthosis nigricans.

    Drug Safety and Contraindications

    • Metformin should be avoided in individuals with severe renal impairment.
    • Thiazolidinediones should be used with caution in patients with heart failure.
    • DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g., Sitagliptin) enhance incretin levels and lower blood glucose without significant risk of hypoglycemia.

    Key Benefits of Treatment Options

    • GLP-1 agonists reduce the need for insulin injections, promote significant weight loss, and have cardioprotective effects.
    • Biguanides, like Metformin, improve insulin sensitivity and have a low risk of hypoglycemia.

    Summary of Drug Classes

    • Insulin Secretagogues: Include sulfonylureas, which increase insulin secretion from the pancreas.
    • Biguanides: Include Metformin, reducing glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity.
    • SGLT2 Inhibitors: Lower blood sugar by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys.
    • DPP-4 Inhibitors: Increase insulin release and decrease glucagon levels post meals.

    Other Important Points

    • Lifestyle changes are crucial for preventing the progression of Type 2 Diabetes.
    • Management of Diabetes includes both pharmacological treatments and lifestyle interventions to achieve optimal blood glucose control.

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    Quiz 1.docx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on diabetes types and common medications with this quiz. It covers fundamental concepts, effects of common medications, and their mechanisms of action. Perfect for students in health-related fields.

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