146 Questions
Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency and is formerly known as Type I Insulin Dependent DM?
Type 1 DM
Which type of diabetes is a combined insulin resistance and relative deficiency in insulin secretion?
Type 2 DM
Which of the following is a risk factor for Type 2 DM?
Family history
Which type of diabetes is characterized by developing during pregnancy but usually disappears after pregnancy?
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
What are the general approaches to Type 2 DM treatment?
Diet and exercise modification
What are the desired outcomes of Type 2 DM treatment?
Reduce risk of complications
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of biguanides like Metformin?
Increases peripheral glucose utilization
Which medication stimulates the pancreatic secretion of insulin?
Sulfonylureas
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of biguanides like Metformin?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists)?
Reduces insulin resistance in the periphery
Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency and is formerly known as Type I Insulin Dependent DM?
Type 1 DM
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of α-glucosidase inhibitors like Acarbose?
Prevents the breakdown of sucrose and complex carbohydrates
What is the classification of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
What is the classification of Type 2 DM?
Type 2 DM
What is the etiology of Type 1 Diabetes?
Autoimmune process
What is the etiology of Type 2 Diabetes?
Tissue resistance to insulin
What are the characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes?
Usually < 30 years old
What are the characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes?
Insulin is low, normal or high
What is the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes?
Autoimmune process
What is the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes?
Tissue resistance to insulin
Which type of diabetes is characterized by moderate to severe symptoms such as 3Ps, fatigue, weight loss, and ketoacidosis?
Type 1 DM
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of biguanides like Metformin?
Increases peripheral glucose utilization
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists)?
Edema and weight gain
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of α-glucosidase inhibitors like Acarbose?
Inhibits breakdown of sucrose and complex carbohydrates
Which one of the following is an unwanted effect of sulfonylureas?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of meglitinides?
Stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of glucosidase inhibitors like Acarbose?
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of thiazolidinediones (TZDs)?
Edema and weight gain
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of GLP-1 agonists?
Stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of DPP-4 inhibitors?
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of SGLT2 inhibitors?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is a second-generation sulfonylurea drug used in the treatment of Type 2 DM?
Glipizide
Which one of the following is a major adverse effect associated with sulfonylurea drugs?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is a short-acting secretagogue used in the treatment of Type 2 DM?
Repaglinide
Which one of the following is a major adverse effect associated with short-acting secretagogues?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of biguanides like metformin?
Increased cellular uptake of glucose
Which one of the following is a major adverse effect associated with biguanides like metformin?
Lactic acidosis
Which one of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 2 DM?
Habitual physical inactivity
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists)?
Improved insulin sensitivity
Which one of the following is a general approach to the treatment of Type 2 DM?
Dietary and exercise modification
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of α-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose?
Decreased glucose absorption from the diet
Which one of the following is a major adverse effect associated with sulfonylurea drugs?
Hypoglycemia
What is the duration of action for chlorpropamide, a first-generation sulfonylurea drug?
24-60 hours
Which one of the following medications stimulates the pancreatic secretion of insulin?
Meglitinides
What is the pharmacological effect of biguanides like metformin?
Inhibition of hepatic glucose production
What is the pharmacological effect of α-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose?
Delay of glucose absorption from the gut
What is the major adverse effect associated with short-acting secretagogues like repaglinide and nateglinide?
Hypoglycemia
What is the pharmacological effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists) like rosiglitazone and pioglitazone?
Enhancement of insulin sensitivity
What are the desired outcomes of Type 2 DM treatment?
Reduce the risk of microvascular and macrovascular disease complications
What is the classification of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?
Type 2 Diabetes
Which one of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 2 DM?
Obesity
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of biguanides like Metformin?
Reduces hepatic glucose production
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of biguanides like Metformin?
Nausea and vomiting
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists)?
Reduces insulin resistance in the periphery
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists)?
Weight gain
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of α-glucosidase inhibitors like Acarbose?
Prevents breakdown of sucrose and complex carbohydrates
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of α-glucosidase inhibitors like Acarbose?
Flatulence and diarrhea
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of sulfonylureas?
Promotes enhanced insulin release from the pancreas
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of sulfonylureas?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of GLP-1 agonists?
Increases pancreatic secretion of insulin
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of DPP-4 inhibitors?
Urinary tract infections
Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency and is formerly known as Type I Insulin Dependent DM?
Type 1 DM
What is the classification of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
What is the etiology of Type 1 Diabetes?
Autoimmune process
What is the etiology of Type 2 Diabetes?
Tissue resistance to insulin
Which one of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 2 DM?
Increased HGO
What are the characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes?
5-10% prevalence, usually < 30 years old, insulin is low, normal or high
What are the characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes?
90% prevalence, usually > 40 years old, insulin is low, normal or high
What is the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes?
Autoimmune process
What is the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes?
Tissue resistance to insulin
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of biguanides like Metformin?
Lactic acidosis
Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency and is formerly known as Type I Insulin Dependent DM?
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
What is the major adverse effect associated with short-acting secretagogues like repaglinide and nateglinide?
Early postprandial hypoglycemia
What is the classification of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?
Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus
Which one of the following is a rapid-acting insulin?
Lispro
Which one of the following is an intermediate-acting insulin?
NPH
Which one of the following is a method of insulin administration?
All of the above
Which one of the following is a long-acting insulin?
Glargine
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of sulfonylurea drugs?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of metformin?
Lactic acidosis
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists)?
Fluid retention
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of short-acting secretagogues?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of SGLT2 inhibitors like Canagliflozin?
Pancreatitis
What is the duration of action for Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide agonist?
2-3 days
Which one of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes?
Obesity
Which one of the following is a major adverse effect associated with DPP-4 inhibitors like Sitagliptin?
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Which type of diabetes requires the administration of insulin?
Type 1 Diabetes
When is insulin indicated in Type 2 Diabetes?
During surgery
Which unit is used to measure insulin concentration?
Units/ml
Which type of insulin has a short half-life?
Short-acting insulin
What is the primary insulin binding site?
Alpha unit
What is the primary function of the beta unit of insulin?
Tyrosine kinase activity
When should insulin be administered before a meal?
30 minutes
Which one of the following is a rapid-acting insulin?
Lispro
Which one of the following is an intermediate-acting insulin?
NPH
Which one of the following is a long-acting insulin?
Glargine
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of metformin?
Weight gain
Which one of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes?
Phenytoin
What is the classification of Type 2 DM?
Non-insulin-dependent
What is the major adverse effect associated with sulfonylurea drugs?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of sulfonylurea drugs?
Hypoglycemia
What is the pharmacological effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists) like rosiglitazone and pioglitazone?
Increase insulin receptor sensitivity
What is the major adverse effect associated with short-acting secretagogues like repaglinide and nateglinide?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is a major adverse effect associated with biguanides like metformin?
Lactic acidosis
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists)?
Fluid retention
What is the classification of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?
Type 2 Diabetes
What is the pharmacological effect of α-glucosidase inhibitors like Acarbose?
Delay carbohydrate digestion and absorption
Which one of the following is an adverse effect associated with SGLT2 inhibitors?
Edema
What is the pharmacological effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists) like rosiglitazone and pioglitazone?
Reduce insulin resistance in the periphery
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of DPP-4 inhibitors?
Hepatotoxicity
What is the major adverse effect associated with sulfonylurea drugs?
Hypoglycemia
What is the classification of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)?
Type 2 Diabetes
What is the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes?
Insulin resistance and relative deficiency in insulin secretion
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists)?
Hepatotoxicity
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of biguanides like Metformin?
Increase tissue insulin sensitivity
What are the characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes?
Insulin deficiency and autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Which of the following is a potential indication for giving insulin in Type 2 Diabetes?
Uncontrolled glucose level for any reason
Which of the following is true about the structure of insulin?
It has alpha and beta units
Which of the following is the primary insulin binding site?
Alpha unit
What is the half-life of insulin?
Short, only few minutes
What is the recommended time to take insulin before meals?
30 minutes
If a patient takes insulin during eating, instead of before eating, what is likely to happen?
Early postprandial hypoglycemia
What is likely to happen to a person who is hungry and doesn't take their insulin shot?
High blood glucose levels
Which one of the following is a rapid-acting insulin?
Lispro
Which one of the following is an intermediate-acting insulin?
NPH
Which one of the following is a long-acting insulin?
Glargine
Which one of the following methods of insulin administration involves continuous subcutaneous administration of short-acting insulin using a small pump?
Insulin Pumps
Which one of the following is the recommended starting dose of insulin for a patient with Type 1 DM?
0.6 U/kg/day
For a 50 kg patient with Type 1 DM, what would be the total daily dose of insulin?
30 U/day
What percentage of the total daily dose of insulin is recommended for basal insulin in a patient with Type 1 DM?
45%
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of sulfonylurea drugs?
Hypoglycemia
What is the major adverse effect associated with biguanides like Metformin?
Lactic acidosis
What is the pharmacological effect of α-glucosidase inhibitors like Acarbose?
Inhibition of carbohydrate digestion
What is the pharmacological effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists) like rosiglitazone and pioglitazone?
Increase in insulin receptor sensitivity
Which one of the following is a major adverse effect associated with short-acting secretagogues?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of metformin?
Diarrhea
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of glitazones (PPARγ agonists)?
Fluid retention
Which one of the following is an adverse effect associated with glitazones (PPARγ agonists)?
Hepatotoxicity
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of DPP-4 inhibitors?
Flatulence
Which one of the following is the primary function of the beta unit of insulin?
Regulation of glucose metabolism
Which one of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes?
Obesity
Which one of the following is a pharmacological effect of GLP-1 agonists?
Inhibition of glucagon secretion
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of sulfonylurea drugs?
Hypoglycemia
Which one of the following is a potential adverse effect of metformin?
Lactic acidosis
Which one of the following is an adverse effect of SGLT2 inhibitors like Canagliflozin?
Polyuria
Which one of the following is a rapid-acting insulin?
Insulin lispro
Test your knowledge on diabetes with this quiz! Explore the regulation of plasma glucose levels, the role of insulin in reducing glucose levels, and the classification of diabetes. Learn about Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and discover key facts about this chronic condition.
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