Antidiabetics Overview

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Questions and Answers

Quale effetto non esiste in pioglitazone?

Stimula le secretion de insulina de pancreas (correct)

Incremente le uptake de glucose in le musculaturas

Decremente le gluconeogenesis

Causa edemas in le corpore

Quale de iste medicamentes ha un contraindication in caso de disorders gastrointestinal?

Pioglitazone

Repaglinide

Acarbose (correct)

Metformina

Quale side effect non corresponde a meglitinides?

Reactions allergic

Diarrea (correct)

Ipoglycemia

Angina

Quale statement es ver about acarbose?

Es un medicamente que deve ser taken ante le prime morsura de cibo (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quale effetto collaterale grava attingente a pioglitazone?

Incremente de LDLs (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quot minute post administration de medicamento debe un client comer?

15-30 minute (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quale de le sequente es un effetto collaterale de DPP-4 Inhibitors?

Hypoglycemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Qual medicamento es un SGLT-2 Inhibitor?

Canagliflozin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Le qual class de medicamento decrease le secrecione de glucagon e decrease le appetito?

Incretin Mimetics (B) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un potenziale effetto collaterale de Amylin Mimetics?

Cough (B) Signup and view all the answers

Qual medicamento es usate pro le treatment de hypoglycemia?

Glucagon (D) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le principal action de SGLT-2 Inhibitors?

Enhance le excretion de glucose per le urina (B) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le effetto collaterale commun con le uso de DPP-4 Inhibitors?

Headache (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quale classifica de insulin ha un onset rapid de 15-30 minutos?

Lispro (Humalog) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Quale insulin non deve esser administrate per via intravenosa?

Insulin glargine (A), NPH (Humulin N) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quale medicamento es musse principalmente pro necessario de insulin in T2DM?

Insulin (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quale classifica de hormona agonista es usate pro treatment de infantes con defficiencia de GH?

Growth hormone agonists (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quale de le sequente es un adverse effect assotiat con somatropin?

Edema (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quale medicamento es indicate pro replacement de GH in adulti?

Somatropin (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quale insulin have un duration de 24 horas?

Insulin glargine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quale efecto secundari es un resultate de developpa de anticorpos contra hormone de replacement?

Hypoadrenalism (C), Pancreatitis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le effectos secundarios de Bromocriptine Mesylate?

Nausea e abdominal cramps (A), Dizziness e fatigue (C) Signup and view all the answers

Qual medicamento es usate in le tratamento de diabetes insipidus neurogenic?

Desmopressin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Como le glucocorticoides functione in cellulas corporea?

Illa interage con le recettor cytoplasmatico (D) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le principa uso de Bromocriptine Mesylate?

Tratamento de morbo de Parkinson (C), Tratamento de acromegaly (D) Signup and view all the answers

Quel es un efecto secundario de Conivaptan?

Local reaction at injection site (B) Signup and view all the answers

In le contexto de terapia replacement, qual es un efecto negativo de glucocorticoides?

Immunosuppression (B) Signup and view all the answers

Qual medicamento causa un incremento in le nivel de clotting factor VIII?

Desmopressin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un problem possible con le uso de glucocorticoides?

Hypotension et shock (B) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le efeito principal de los mineralocorticoides in le organismo?

Incrementa le reabsorption de sodio (B) Signup and view all the answers

Quo es un symptoma de un overdose de hormone thyroidian?

Sensation de calor (C) Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le usus therapeutico principal de le levothyroxine?

Le treatment de hypothyroidism (A) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un effecto collaterale potential del fludrocortisone?

Edema (A) Signup and view all the answers

Que deve esser monitorate quando se usa levothyroxine?

Nivel de T3, T4 e TSH (D) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un usus de antithyroid agents?

Le treatment de hyperthyroidism (C) Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un effetto collaterale serio associate con antithyroid agents?

Agranulocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Quo de illos es un symptom de un overdose de levothyroxine?

Diarrea (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antidiabetics

Pioglitazone (Actos):
- Is un glitazone que aumenta le absorption de glucose per le musculos e diminue le gluconeogenesis.
- Causa potentialmente hepatotoxicitate, aumenta le LDLs e le enzymes hepatic.
- Contraindicat in casos de insufficiencia cardiac.
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
- Include acarbose (Precose).
- Slowa le absorption e digestion de carbohydratos.
- Potentia causer perturbation gastrointestinal (GI), dolore abdominal, diarrheea, flatulentia, hepatotoxicitate e flatus.
- Contraindicat in casos de perturbationes GI.
Meglitinides:
- Include repaglinide (Prandin).
- Stimula le cellulas beta pancreatic pro secretar insulina.
- Potentia causer hypoglycemia, angina, perturbationes CNS e GI (dyspepsia, pancreatitis, anemia hemolytic, leukopenia e reactiones allergic).
- Administration: Tres vices per die con le prime morsicatura de cibo.
DPP-4 Inhibitors (Gliptins):
- Include sitagliptin (Juvenia).
- Promove le secretion de incretine pro aumentar le secretion de insulina e diminuir le secretion de glucagon.
- Potentia causer pancreatitis, insufficiencia renal acute, anaphylaxis, syndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SJS), angioedema, cephalea, hypoglycemia, perturbationes GI e edema peripheral.
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors:
- Include canagliflozin (Invokana).
- Augmenta le excretion de glucose via le urina.
- Potentia causer urosepsis, infectiones myotic in feminas, ketoacidosis, hyperkalemia e reactiones de hypersensitivitate.
Incretin Mimetics:
- Include exenatide (Byetta).
- Mimica le action de incretine.
- Aumenta le secretion de insulina.
- Diminue le secretion de glucagon.
- Slowa le evacuation gastric.
- Diminue le appetito.
- Potentia causer pancreatitis, diarrheea, nausea, vomito, tumores de cellulas C thyroidic.
Amylin Mimetics:
- Include pramlintide (Symlin).
- Mimica le action de amylin.
- Diminue le tempore de evacuation gastric.
- Diminue le secretion de glucagon.
- Aumenta le satietate e diminue le intake caloric.
- Potentia causer perturbationes CNS (cephalea), GI (nausea/vomito, anorexia), tosse e allergia systemic.
Glucagon:
- Tractamento de emergencia pro hypoglycemia.
- Aumenta le gluconeogenesis.
- Potentia causer hypotension, nausea/vomito e anaphylaxis.
- Administration: Subcutanee, intramuscular o intravenous. Provide un carbohydrato oral tanto presto que le patiente poter ingerir sin periculo. Principalmente pro le tractamento de diabetes de typo 1.

Insulina:

Classification per duration:
- Rapida (e.g. lispro (Humalog)): Onset 15-30 min, pico 30 min a 2,5 horas, duration 3 a 6 horas.
- Curta (e.g. regular (Humalin R)): Onset 30 min a 1 hora, pico 1 a 5 horas, duration 6 a 10 horas.
- Intermediate (e.g. NPH (Humulin N)): Onset 1 a 2 horas, pico 6 a 14 horas, duration 16 a 24 horas.
- Longa (e.g. insulin glargine (Lantus)): Onset 70 min, sin pico, duration 24 horas.

Pituitary e Glandula Adrenal:

Pituitary Anterior:
- Agonistas de hormone de crescimento (GH): Somapacitan-bec (Sogroya), somatropin (Genotropin, Norditropin, Flexpro). Tractamento de infantes con fallimento de crescimento e adultos con deficiencia de GH.
- Antagonistas de hormone de crescimento: Bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel), lanreotide (Somatuline Depot). Tractamento de acromegalia.
Pituitary Posterior:
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Conivaptan (Vaprisol), desmopressin (DDAVP, Stimate). Tractamento de diabetes insipid neurogenic.
Glandula Adrenal:
- Glucocorticoides: Prednisone. Tractamento de insufficiencia cortical adrenal, varie perturbationes inflammatory (e.g. colitis ulcerative, COPD exacerbations).
- Mineralocorticoides: Fludrocortisone. Tractamento de insufficiencia cortical adrenal, syndrome adrenogenital salt-losing.

Thyroid:

Thyroid Hormone Replacement: Levothyroxine (Synthroid). Tractamento de hypothyroidism.
Antithyroid Agents: Bloquea le synthesis de hormonas thyroidic.

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Description

Este quiz explora diferentes classes de antidiabeticos, incluindo glitazones, inibidores de alpha-glucosidase, meglitinidas e inibidores de DPP-4. Learn about o funcionamento, beneficios e riscos de cada classe de medicamento. Ideal para estudantes de medicina e profissionais da saúde.