DHM 4003: Packaging and Labeling
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Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of labeling?

Labeling is the process of providing information on a product's package, including details such as ingredients, manufacturer, and expiration date.

What is the main function of packaging?

The main function of packaging is to protect food from environmental factors.

What are the types of packaging material mentioned in the content?

  • Paper (correct)
  • Metal (correct)
  • Plastic (correct)
  • Glass (correct)

    • What is the purpose of food labeling regulations?

    <p>Food labeling regulations aim to ensure that consumers receive adequate information about food products to make informed choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glass containers are suitable for heat processing and gas packaging.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three nutrition-related information regulated on the packaging label?

    <p>Nutrition facts, nutrient content claims, and health claim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information can be voluntarily provided on food packaging labels?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Labeling ingredients as 'flavoured vinegar' instead of 'red wine vinegar' increases the chances of appealing to Muslim consumers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to MS 1500, labeling material used in direct contact with the product should be non-hazardous and ________.

    <p>halal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the hypersensitivity food/ingredient with its category:

    <p>Cereal containing gluten = Wheat, rye, barley &amp; oat Nut and nut product = Peanut and soybean Milk and milk product = Including lactose Fish and fish product = Fish and fish product Egg and egg product = Egg and egg product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Nutrition labeling' mean according to Regulation 18B?

    <p>a description intended to inform the consumer of the nutrient content of a food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Regulation 18B, what should the label of food specifically include?

    <p>Amount of energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat per 100 g or 100 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nutrient content claim describes the level of a nutrient contained in a food

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Regulation 17, any package of food that is weighed, counted, or measured in the presence of the purchaser is exempt from regulations 11, 14, 16, and 18B if the _____ is requested by the purchaser.

    <p>nature, quality, quantity, origin, brand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Regulation 11(1)(j) specify regarding minimum weight/volume/number of content?

    <p>It specifies the minimum weight, volume, or number of content for the product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is required for the labeling of imported food according to Regulation 11(1)(j)?

    <p>The owner/agent name and business address of the importer in Malaysia and the name of the country of origin of the food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of biotechnology is referred to as genetically modified according to the content provided?

    <p>Modern Biotechnology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Regulation 12, the lettering on labels should be no smaller than 10 point lettering.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regulation 14 specifies the date marking on food packages signifies the expiry date or the date of minimum ________ of the food.

    <p>durability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Packaging and Labeling

    • Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.
    • Labeling is a crucial part of packaging, providing essential information to consumers.
    • Key factors to consider in packaging and labeling:
      • Type of food
      • Processing method
      • Purpose and usage
      • Environmental factors (mechanical shocks, oxygen, water vapor, light, temperature, and biological agents)

    Functions of Packaging

    • Prevention of spoilage (chemical, physical, and biological)
    • Extend storage life
    • Facilitate handling and transportation
    • Provide convenience for usage
    • Provide information (labeling, including nutrition information, identification of manufacturer, net weight content, ingredient content, and date of manufacture)

    Types of Packaging Materials

    • Metal (tin cans, aluminum cans)
    • Glass (bottles, jars)
    • Paper (cardboard, wax paper)
    • Plastic (cellophane, polyethylene, polypropene, nylon)
    • Mixture (paper and plastic)
    • Each material has its advantages and disadvantages (e.g., metal is strong but heavy, glass is inert but fragile, etc.)

    Labeling Requirements

    • Food label information:
      • Food name
      • Net quantity
      • Ingredients
      • Company name and address
      • Product date
      • Nutrition information
      • Other information (e.g., trademarks, copyright symbols)
    • Halal labeling:
      • Importance of labeling for Muslim consumers
      • Use of halal markings and symbols
      • Legislation and regulations in Malaysia (MS 1500, Food Act 1983, and Food Regulations 1985)

    Labeling Regulations in Malaysia

    • MS 1500:2019:
      • Labeling material used in direct contact with the product must be non-hazardous and halal
      • Halal food and artificial flavor must not be named or synonymously named after non-halal products
      • Labeling requirements for containers, including name of product, net content, manufacturer's name and address, ingredients, code number, and country of origin
    • Food Act 1983 and Food Regulations 1985:
      • Objective: to protect consumers from health dangers and fraud
      • Sections involved in labeling regulation: Part III, Section 16, and Part IV
      • Mandatory labeling requirements, including language, size, and color of letters, and exemptions from regulation### Food Regulation in Malaysia
    • Regulation 10: Language to be used in food labeling
      • Bahasa Malaysia for food produced, prepared, or packaged in Malaysia
      • Bahasa Malaysia or English for imported food, with optional translation in other languages
    • Regulation 11: Particulars in labeling
      • Common name of principal ingredients
      • Statement of presence of beef or pork, or its derivatives, or lard
      • Statement of presence of added alcohol
      • Ingredients list in descending order of proportion by weight
      • Declaration of ingredients known to cause hypersensitivity (allergens)
      • Net weight or volume of contents
      • Name and business address of manufacturer/packer, owner of rights, or agent
      • Optional: statement of modern biotechnology (GMF labeling)

    Modern Biotechnology (GMF Labeling)

    • Regulation 11(3A): Labeling for food obtained through modern biotechnology
      • Statement of "gene derived from (common name of such animal)"
    • Regulation 11(6): Labeling for food derived from origin known to cause hypersensitivity
      • Statement of "gene derived from (origin)"
    • Regulation 11(7): Labeling for food and food ingredients composed of or contains genetically modified organisms
      • Statement of "genetically modified (name of the ingredient)"
      • Statement of "produced from genetically modified (name of the ingredient)"

    Labeling Requirements

    • Regulation 12: Form and manner of labeling
      • Particulars to appear conspicuously and prominently on the label
      • Lettering to be in no smaller than 10-point lettering
    • Regulation 13: Size and color of letters
      • Size of letters to be referred to the height of the lower case letter
      • Unit symbols of weight and measures are accepted
      • Lettering to be in a color that contrasts strongly with the background

    Date Marking

    • Regulation 14: Date marking
      • Means a date permanently marked or embossed on the package or label
      • Expiry date, use by, consume by, or best before
      • Format: DD/MM/YYYY or MM/YYYY

    Food Requiring Date Marking

    • Regulation 14 (Fifth Schedule): Food requiring date marking
      • Biscuit, bread, canned food, cereal-based food, chocolate, etc.

    Matter Forbidden on Any Label

    • Regulation 18: Matter forbidden on any label
      • No descriptive matter on quality, grading, or superiority
      • No word "pure" or similar words unless food meets prescribed standards
      • No claim of prevention, alleviation, treatment, or cure of a disease
      • No label to include any claim that cannot be substantiated
      • No label to include any claim that gives rise to doubt about the safety of a similar food

    Nutritional Labeling

    • Description intended to inform the customer of the nutrient content of a food

    • Regulation 18B: Nutrition labeling

      • Amount of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat
      • Amount of total sugars in ready-to-drink beverages
      • Amount of vitamins and minerals
      • Amount of cholesterol, sodium, and dietary fiber

    • Regulation 18: Matter forbidden on any label

      • No label to include the word "nutritious" or similar words unless food meets prescribed standards### Nutrient Claims

    • Nutrient claims describe the level of a nutrient in a food, compare nutrient levels or energy values between foods, or describe the physiological role of a nutrient in the body.

    Nutrient Content Claim

    • Describes the level of a nutrient in a food.
    • Example: "Good source of calcium" or "Rich in fiber".

    Nutrient Comparative Claim

    • Compares the nutrient levels or energy value of two or more foods.
    • Examples: "Reduced", "Less than", "Fewer", "Increased", "More than", "Light", or "Extra".
    • Conditions:
      • Different versions of the same or similar food must be clearly identified.
      • Energy value or nutrient content must appear in close proximity to the claim, with percentage, fraction, or absolute amount.

    Nutrient Function Claim

    • Describes the physiological role of a nutrient in growth, development, and normal body functions.
    • Approved nutrients for Nutrient Function Claim (NFC) include:
      • Folic acid
      • Sialic acid
      • Iron
      • Iodine
      • Calcium
      • Magnesium
      • Niacin
      • Protein
      • Plant sterol or plant stanol
      • Vitamin A
      • Vitamin B1/Thiamine
      • Vitamin B2/Riboflavin
      • Vitamin B12/Cyanocobalamine
      • Vitamin C
      • Vitamin D
      • Vitamin E
      • Zinc
      • Inulin and oligofructose (fructo-oligosaccharide)
      • Oat soluble fibre

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    Learn about the importance of packaging and labeling in Halal supply chain and logistics, including types of packaging materials, selection, and labeling benefits.

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