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DHCP Request Process
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DHCP Request Process

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Questions and Answers

What does a client PC broadcast to notify other DHCP servers when it accepts an IP lease offer?

  • A DHCPREQUEST message (correct)
  • A BOOTP protocol message
  • A TCP/IP configuration packet
  • A DHCPACK packet

    • What is the purpose of the DHCPREQUEST message sent by the client?

  • To request an IP address from a specific DHCP server
  • To initiate the final phase of the configuration process
  • To send a TCP/IP configuration packet to the DHCP server
  • To notify other DHCP servers that it has accepted an offer (correct)

    • Why is it important for the DHCP protocol to be compatible with the BOOTP protocol?

  • Because BOOTP is more widely supported by clients
  • Because BOOTP is faster than DHCP
  • Because BOOTP is a more popular protocol
  • Because BOOTP was used before DHCP (correct)

    • What is included in the DHCPACK packet sent by the DHCP server?

    <p>The TCP/IP configuration parameters and lease duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the IP addresses reserved for a client by other DHCP servers when the client accepts an offer?

    <p>They are withdrawn and returned to the pool of valid addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the client accepting an IP lease offer?

    <p>The client can only accept one offer per network interface card</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the DHCP protocol in terms of compatibility?

    <p>To be compatible with all types of clients and communication parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final phase of the configuration process in DHCP?

    <p>The acknowledgement phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the DNS client in resolving a partial domain name?

    <p>To add the suffix to the partial name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a domain in the context of the domain name space?

    <p>A subtree of the domain name space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it inefficient to store the entire domain name space on a single computer?

    <p>Because it places a heavy load on the system due to responding to requests from all over the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dividing the domain name space into many domains?

    <p>To distribute the information among many DNS servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a DNS server in the domain name system?

    <p>To be responsible for a specific domain or subdomain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a domain that is divided into smaller domains?

    <p>Subdomain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the null suffix in a DNS client?

    <p>To define nothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it unreliable to store the entire domain name space on a single computer?

    <p>Because any failure makes the data inaccessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of characters allowed in a label in the Domain Name System?

    <p>63</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ensures the uniqueness of domain names in the Domain Name System?

    <p>Children of a node having different labels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are domain names read in the Domain Name System?

    <p>From the node up to the root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a fully qualified domain name (FQDN)?

    <p>It contains all labels, from the most specific to the most general</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a partially qualified domain name (PQDN)?

    <p>To resolve a domain name within the same site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last character of a full domain name?

    <p>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a DNS server?

    <p>To match an FQDN to an address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a domain name in the Domain Name System?

    <p>A sequence of labels separated by dots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the TTL value becomes 0?

    <p>Router 3 generates a time-exceeded message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of ICMP?

    <p>Error reporting only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a packet of data is too large for a router?

    <p>The router sends an ICMP message to the original source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the traceroute utility?

    <p>To display the routing path between two Internet devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'hop' in the context of routing?

    <p>The journey between one router and another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ping utility?

    <p>To test the speed of the connection between two devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ICMP messages are commonly used for the purpose of performing a ping?

    <p>ICMP echo-request and echo-reply messages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential security risk associated with ICMP?

    <p>ICMP flood attack and ping of death attack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the question section in a DNS message?

    <p>To carry one or more question records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information does the authoritative section provide in a DNS response message?

    <p>Domain name information about authoritative servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the number of answer records subfield in a DNS message?

    <p>To specify the number of answer records in the answer section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the number of answer records subfield in a query message?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of records are present in the answer section of a DNS response message?

    <p>Resource records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the flags subfield in a DNS message?

    <p>To define the type of message, the type of answer requested, and so on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the number of authoritative records subfield in a query message?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the number of question records subfield in a DNS message?

    <p>To specify the number of queries in the question section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DHCP Requests

    • When a client PC receives an IP lease offer, it broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST message containing the IP address of the offering server to inform other DHCP servers.
    • The other DHCP servers then withdraw their offers and return the reserved address to the pool of available addresses.
    • The client can only accept one offer per network interface card.

    DHCP Acknowledgement

    • Upon receiving the DHCPREQUEST message, the DHCP server sends a DHCPACK packet to the client.
    • The packet includes the lease duration and other configuration information requested by the client.
    • The TCP/IP configuration process is complete once the client receives the acknowledgement.

    DHCP Goals

    • The DHCP protocol must be compatible with existing interfaces and protocols.
    • It should be compatible with different types of clients, each with their own communication parameters.
    • DHCP should be compatible with the BOOTP protocol.

    Domain Name System

    • Each node in the domain name space has a label, which is a string with a maximum of 63 characters.
    • The root label is a null string (empty string).
    • DNS requires that children of a node have different labels, ensuring uniqueness of domain names.

    Domain Name

    • A full domain name is a sequence of labels separated by dots (.), read from the node up to the root.
    • The last label is the label of the root (null), which means the last character is a dot.
    • A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is a domain name that contains the full name of a host.
    • An FQDN is a domain name that contains all labels, from the most specific to the most general, that uniquely define the name of the host.

    Partially Qualified Domain Name

    • A partially qualified domain name (PQDN) is a label that is not terminated by a null string.
    • A PQDN starts from a node but does not reach the root.
    • PQDN is used when the name to be resolved belongs to the same site as the client.

    ICMP Protocol

    • The primary purpose of ICMP is for error reporting.
    • ICMP generates errors to share with the sending device in case data does not reach its intended destination.
    • ICMP is used for network diagnostics, including the commonly used terminal utilities traceroute and ping.
    • Traceroute displays the routing path between two Internet devices, while ping tests the speed of the connection between two devices.

    How ICMP Works

    • The ICMP echo-request and echo-reply messages are commonly used for the purpose of performing a ping.
    • Unfortunately, network attacks can exploit this process, creating means of disruption such as the ICMP flood attack and the ping of death attack.

    Distribution of Name Space

    • The domain name space is distributed among many computers called DNS servers.
    • Each server can be responsible for either a large or a small domain.
    • DNS allows domains to be divided further into smaller domains (subdomains).

    Hierarchy of Name Servers

    • The solution to the problem of storing DNS information is to distribute it among many computers called DNS servers.
    • The domain name space is divided into many domains based on the first level.
    • Each server can be responsible for either a large or a small domain.

    DNS Message Format

    • A DNS message consists of a header, question section, answer section, authoritative section, and additional section.
    • The header contains fields such as the transaction ID, flags, and the number of question, answer, authoritative, and additional records.
    • The question section consists of one or more question records.
    • The answer section consists of one or more resource records.
    • The authoritative section gives information about one or more authoritative servers for the query.
    • The additional section includes additional records.

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    Related Documents

    W5_JTO_Ph2_Datacom_IT.pdf

    Description

    Learn about the DHCP request process, including how a client PC accepts an IP lease offer and communicates with other DHCP servers.

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