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• Tips for nursing school include taking notes in one's own words and striving to understand and apply concepts rather than memorize them.
• It is also important to regard the ATI Textbook as a helpful resource, engage in discussions to gain true understanding, and use available resources.
• Respectful communication involves assuming everyone has good intentions, giving grace, and accepting that disagreements are okay.
• Respectful communication is professional, and it's okay to disagree.

Introduction to Wellness & Health Promotion

• Wellness encompasses wellness, illness, health promotion, upstream thinking, and disease prevention.
• Health and wellness include social, emotional, intellectual, physical, and occupational aspects.
• The Illness-Wellness Continuum and levels of prevention are key concepts.
• Social and physical external environment factors are different.
• There are internal environment considerations that impact health and illness.
• Illness results in an individualized patient response.
• Obstacles to patient compliance and adherence to therapies exist.
• Nursing actions can strengthen health, wellness, and illness management.
• Public health organizations focus on health promotion and disease prevention.
• Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors can be distinguished.
• Recommended behaviors include physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns, and stress management.
• Healthy People 2030's purpose can be summarized.
• Healthy People 2030 Objectives related to Health Promotion can be identified.
• Wellness is not just the absence of disease, illness, or stress, but the presence of optimal health, purpose in life, active involvement in satisfying work, joyful relationships, and happiness.

Eight Dimensions of Wellness

• Wellness is expressed across eight dimensions that are interconnected.
• The dimensions include:
  • Emotional - coping effectively with life and creating satisfying relationships.
  • Environmental - occupying pleasant, stimulating environments.
  • Financial - satisfaction with current and future financial situations
  • Intellectual - recognizing creative abilities and expanding knowledge.
  • Occupational - discovering personal satisfaction and getting enrichment from work.
  • Physical - recognizing the need for physical activity, diet, and sleep.
  • Social - developing a sense of connection and a well-established support system.
  • Spiritual - expanding the sense of purpose and meaning in life.
• Engaging in exercise, building healthy habits, practicing healthy dietary patterns, and ensuring access to healthcare all strengthen the physical dimension.
• Emotional wellness is supported by self-care, connectedness, a sleep schedule, therapy, gratitude, and identifying and labeling feelings.
• Social wellness comes from socializing with others, joining community groups, and recognizing and being grateful for healthy relationships and solid connections.
• Occupational wellness comes from engaging in hobbies, identifying one's "why," and separating personal life from work life.
• Intellectual wellness is encouraged by finding hobbies, becoming a lifelong learner, using critical thinking, and asking questions.
• Financial wellness stems from spending money wisely, being comfortable, having a job, and budgeting.
• Environmental wellness stems from maintaining a clean space, which includes safe and positive spaces to occupy.
• Spiritual wellness comes from connecting with a larger sense of purpose through religion, spirituality, prayer, outdoor activities, and meditation.
• Wellness is unique to each person.
• Patients with chronic illnesses may still describe themselves as healthy.
• Wellness includes all aspects of health.
• Illness is the impairment of social, physical, emotional, spiritual, developmental, or intellectual functioning.
• Responses to illness vary widely and are shaped by many factors.
• Health promotion guides towards optimal health.
• Disease prevention consists of the things that prevent illness or the things that prevent us from disability/death from moving in an opposite direction.
• Health promotion can involve education and awareness to guide individuals toward optimal health.
• Identify upstream thinking to address the root cause like educating of diet and helping blood suagr lival to keep down.
• Upstream thinking helps identify and address root causes and conditions.
• Upstream interventions improve community conditions and address social determinants of health.
• Midstream interventions address individuals' social needs.
• Downstream interventions clinical care.

Levels of Prevention

• Primary prevention is the first step to prevent disease from occurring in the first place.
• Secondary prevention involves quick identification of disease or injury through screening and diagnostic tests.
• Tertiary prevention seeks to reduce the extent and severity of a health problem to minimize disability and restore or preserve function.
• Factors that impact a patient's response include life experiences, cultural and spiritual beliefs, age, developmental stage, emotional factors, and perception of physical functioning, which are all apart of the internal environment.
• Influences on a patient's response includes social and physical which are external environment.
• A wellness is individualized for awareness of both internal & external factors of illness.

Obstacles to Adherence

• Obstacles to adherence include perceptions and understanding the severity of illness, confidence in the provider, belief in prescribed treatment, availability of support systems, family role and function, and financial restrictions.
• Nursing interventions include identifying coping mechanisms, encouraging support systems, identifying obstacles, creating plans to overcome these problems, identifying ways to reduce health risks, and providing health education resources to improve wellness and decrease risk.
• Desired outcomes from interventions are to obtain and maintain an optimal state of wellness through health promotion, wellness, and illness prevention strategies.
• Health and wellness can be obtained through health education and positive action.

Health Promoting Behaviors & Guidelines

• It is important to highlight public health organizations focused on health promotion and disease prevention.
• It is important to distinguish between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.
• The purpose of Healthy People 2030 must be summarized.
• Healthy People 2030 Objectives related to Health Promotion activities needs to be identified.
• Health topics to focus on include:
  • Physical Activity
  • Sleep
  • Dietary Patterns
  • Stress Management
• Major health organizations focused on health promotion and disease prevention include WHO, HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020, and CDC.
• Modifiable risk factors can be controlled through lifestyle and behavior changes, such as physical activity level, use of alcohol tobacco, and diet.
• Non-modifiable risk factors cannot generally be changed, such as age, income, and genetics.
• It is recommended that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, as well as muscle-strengthening activity at least 2 days a week.
• Light-intensity activity requires less than 3.0 METs.
• Moderate-intensity activity requires 3.0 to is less than 6.0 METs.
• Vigorous-intensity activity requires 6.0 or more METs.
• Sleep recommendations include the American Academy of Sleep Medicine link for more information.
• Many stress management agencies and strategies are available.
• Healthy People 2030 provides data-driven national objectives for improving Americans' health and well-being, aiming to achieve healthy lives free of preventable diseases, eliminate health disparities, and promote healthy environments across all life stages.

Health Education & Learning Theory

• Health education foundation that involves individuals, groups, and communities in person, via phone, web-based and in print form.
• Nurse's frame must use health messages for greatest impact by using educational theory, teaching methods, and increase chances by making it interesting, relevant, and clear.
• The three domains of learning includes
  • Cognitive (mind and thinking processes).
  • Affective (emotion, feeling, and affect).
  • Psychomotor (learn-see-do, demonstrating, neuromuscular coordination,and movement).
• Learning takes place through emotion, feeling, or effect in the A in attitude domain which also includes valves interests.
• Evaluation occurs which includes -Changes in interest, & attitudes, & values in A in attitude domain.
• Psychomotor helps to be capable of skills that need sensory image of how to be practiced.
• 7 Teaching-Learning Principles includes physical; emotional; experimental which is in line with the physical, cognitive, and affective.
• The setting where learning has to be affective has to have trust, respect, openness & acceptance.
• Teaching methods include lecture, demonstration with explanation role-playing used in combination with all other methods.
• Materials include images and anatomical models.
• Printed support materials, examples, and content, complexity, reading level, culturally appropriate.
• Client Readiness
• Health Literacy
• Nursing strategies
• Two major considerations, are Health Literacy and Nursing strategies
• Readability of written materials
• Readiness for change
• Transtheoretical Model & stages of change
• Motivational Interviewing
• Health Literacy is where individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate decisions,
  • Including insurance, medication labels, disease information,prevention, and navigation of healthcare system.
  • People with lower general education include older adults,lower income communities, medically underserved communities and people with different cultures are at higher risk.
  • The nursing practices to address low health literacy in health education, include to identify patients with limited literacy levels, and use simple language, short sentences and define technical terms.
  • Supplement instruction with appropriate materials (videos, models, pictures,etc.)
  • Ask patients to explain your instructions (teach back method) or demonstrate the procedure.
  • Use reflection to understand why patients behave in certain ways.
  • Ask open ended questions and use terms and material suitable for the individual.
• Transtheoretical Model Concepts
  • In these states change happens when the benefits outway the cons.
  • In maintenance strives to prevent relapse.

Key Motivational Interviewing Skills

• Excellent technique for pre-contemplationand contemplation stages of change, where the
  • Avoidance of argumentation where confrontations are avoid.
  • Expressing empathy, development discrepancies and supporting self efficacy
• With client understand: What are your attitudes around this perceived A; you're there to highlight their intention for whatever reason they want.
• It highlights intention to take ac7on toward behavior change in next 6 months.
• Motivational Interviewing also involves:
  • Open-ended questions
  • Affirmations of the patient's inner strength
  • R Reflective statements, where mirror the pt.
  • S Summary statements verbalize what the patient said and give back to/reinforcement them Where it was important to keep a clients best intrest as a nurse & work in partnership while avoiding use as an expert.

Health Promotion Theory

• Health promotion extends beyond education.
• Just because it will trigger a change in behavior, doesn't mean it's a strategy.
• Common threads in behavior change include:
  • Self-efficacy
  • Social Support, attitudes, readiness
• Context and systems matter.
• Behavior change is hard.
• Struggle and lapse are part of the process.
• Health Belief Model involves:
  • Benefits - which comes from better health and cost reduction from less appointments.
  • What is your perceived susceptibility.
  • Cues are often situations that trigger you to make a change

Pender’s Health Promotion Model focuses on positive behaviour:

• It acknowledges immediate and interpersonal effects
• It acknowledges bringing into focus or acknowledging competing influences, and demands:

Factors That are Included in Planned Behavior A theory

• Attitudes is about what is often believed around that
• It is important to highlight intention.
• It is important to help the client understand the importance of exercise.
• The point is to have something that is social and supports motivation, while also providing proper equipment for help patients understand better how to feel during medical procedures and feel empowered.
  • It helps to identify the importance of client education + client environmental factors.
  • To increase self-efficacy, vicarious experience can come from equal interactions and succeed/believing that they can be in that position:
    • Mastery Experiences- When constantly doing well & doing test it increase
    • Feeling excited about the process can come from feeling confident.

"Important There Are Several General Points: • Just because it will change behavior, doesn’t mean it is a good strategy! Remember your nursing knowledge (DO no harm) ! • Common A threads: Self ecacy, Social Support, ABudes/A ect, Readiness • Context and systems maOer! (next class systems models !) • Behavior change is hard. Struggle and lapse is a part of change ~ often takes several aempts for it to sOck! Important

1. Health a. Explain cultural factors (holidays, rituals) for food intake (i.e. family gatherings) i. Can ask about nutritional/health habits, too!
2. Food desert is a major factor into food resources intake (not access)
3. Acculturation! a. More likely first generations will follow tradition foodsways, but not (completely) later ones

Social Determinants of Health

• There is a connection between conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age & a health
• There is also a connection between financial resources people have & promoting better health.
• Lack of economic resources often leads to:
  • Higher rates of unemployment & food scarcity.
  • Less access to transportation.
• Fewer social and mental health services are a result of this.
• These situations can also lead to problems with:
  • Housing stability
  • Income & access to healthy healthcare
• All will lead to increased rates of substance abuse.

It was also noted that: “Many people often have more to worry about rather than health.” People who have good: Neighborhood: Have low stress/healthier foods being a result Economic resources: Having a job Access to higher quality education often lead to making better nutritional choices Social: Often help with lower rates of substance abuse.

Other Theories Discussed

• Nudge: Make the choice to be healthy an easy one
• Behaviors & Health
• Nudge to make healthy simple & easy!

Cultural Competency

Cultural is that which is:

• Is learned from others
• It’s an Integrated system with custom traits.
• It’s a shared trait.
• Includes things unspoken.
• Is Dynamic

Cultural Humility

Cultural Self Awareness: Awareness of a certain people and also of a certain background

Remember to not make generalizations with patients by:

1. Looking out for benefits.
2. Side effects.