Dextromethorphan and Cough Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of drug acts primarily on the peripheral stimulation or at the medulla oblongata to relieve cough symptoms?

  • Benzonatate
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (correct)
  • Antihistamines

    • What is the mechanism of action of Benzonatate as a cough suppressant?

  • Central cough depressant
  • Elevates the threshold for coughing by centrally mediated mechanisms (correct)
  • Bronchodilator
  • Stimulates the smooth muscle of the bronchial tree

    • How do Glucocorticoids help in relieving cough symptoms?

  • By suppressing inflammation and immune response in the airways (correct)
  • By acting as a bronchodilator
  • By modulating the sensory cortex in the brain stem
  • By directly stimulating the cough receptors in the tracheo-bronchial tree

    • Which drug acts as a central cough depressant?

    <p>Benzonatate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Antihistamines function as antitussives?

    <p>By suppressing histamine release in the airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is most likely to relieve cough by poorly understood centrally mediated mechanisms at the brain stem?

    <p>Benzonatate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of corticosteroids nasal sprays used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Nasal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is considered a mast cell stabilizer when used as a nasal spray?

    <p>Cromolyn Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of 'Blue Bloaters' in patients with chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Blueish tint on skin and lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is commonly used for long-term control in patients with COPD?

    <p>Inhaled steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of Xanthine derivatives like Theophylline in the treatment of COPD?

    <p>Increases cAMP levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is considered an antitussive due to its mast cell stabilizing properties?

    <p>Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic breathing pattern seen in 'Pink Puffers' with emphysema?

    <p>Short, fast breaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of benzonatate as a cough suppressant?

    <p>It acts as a local anesthetic in the respiratory passages and pleural receptors, reducing the cough reflex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, in reducing cough?

    <p>They bind to cysteinyl leukotriene receptors, decreasing mucous secretion and relaxing bronchial muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone, help in reducing cough?

    <p>By reducing inflammation, they reduce the irritation of C-receptors and the neural response that leads to coughing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which antihistamines, like diphenhydramine, can act as antitussives?

    <p>They block cholinergic activity that induces neural activity leading to coughing and reduce nasal secretions that cause post-nasal drip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about dextromethorphan is true?

    <p>It is an uncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptors and has a central antitussive effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mucolytics is correct?

    <p>They reduce the viscosity of mucus by breaking disulfide bonds in mucoproteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for an antitussive agent?

    <p>Hydrolyzing DNA accumulated in sputum to reduce cough stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about codeine phosphate is true?

    <p>It is an opioid receptor agonist with a short-acting half-life of 2-4 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which glucocorticoids reduce coughing?

    <p>By reducing inflammation, they reduce the irritation of C-receptors and the neural response that leads to coughing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about antihistamines as antitussives is correct?

    <p>They act as local anesthetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is commonly used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis as a mast cell stabilizer when administered as a nasal spray?

    <p>Cromolyn Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic side effect of corticosteroids nasal sprays used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Nasal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cough treatment, which of the following drugs is known for its combination with homatropine in cough syrup formulations?

    <p>Benzonatate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is considered effective for cough suppression due to its antimuscarinic properties?

    <p><em>Anticholinergic agents</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of drugs used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that are classified based on spirometry results?

    <p>Inhaled bronchodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is commonly used for long-term control in patients with COPD due to its ability to reduce inflammation and prevent asthma attacks?

    <p><em>Corticosteroids</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class acts primarily as a bronchodilator with short-acting and long-acting options for prophylaxis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

    <p><em>B2 agonists</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of COPD, which drug class is known for its ability to block M receptors and inhibit phosphodiesterase?

    <p><em>Xanthine derivatives</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug, commonly used for COPD, acts by increasing adenyl cyclase activity and subsequently increasing cAMP levels?

    <p><em>Xanthine derivatives</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary mechanism by which glucocorticoids help in relieving cough symptoms?

    <p>Reducing inflammation and edema in the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the combination of homatropine with cough syrup is effective in treating cough?

    <p>Homatropine reduces mucosal secretions, while the cough syrup acts as a demulcent to soothe the throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?

    <p>Glucocorticoids help reduce inflammation and edema in the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect associated with long-term use of intranasal glucocorticoids?

    <p>Nasal septal perforation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, in reducing cough is correct?

    <p>They reduce inflammation and edema in the respiratory tract by blocking leukotriene receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the use of antihistamines as antitussives is correct?

    <p>Antihistamines reduce cough stimulation by inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which antihistamines like diphenhydramine can act as antitussives?

    <p>Increasing mucus viscosity through inhibition of mucolytic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for combining homatropine with hydrocodone in cough syrup formulations?

    <p>Homatropine reduces any reduction in respiratory secretions and bronchial constriction caused by hydrocodone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in reducing cough is NOT correct?

    <p>They act centrally on the cough center in the medulla oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?

    <p>They are contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the mechanism of action of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?

    <p>They act by blocking the H1 receptor, preventing the effects of histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is NOT a mast cell stabilizer and is primarily used for its decongestant properties in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Pseudoephedrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of COPD is correct?

    <p>They are primarily used for their anti-inflammatory properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the use of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is NOT correct?

    <p>They are effective in reducing nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of cough is correct?

    <p>They act by reducing inflammation and irritation of C-receptors, leading to a reduced cough reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the use of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?

    <p>They are contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why mast cell stabilizers like Ipratropium are considered ineffective in the treatment of acute asthma attacks?

    <p>They are not bronchodilators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the bioavailability of Methylxanthines administered via inhalation?

    <p>Exhibits poor oral absorption of about 10%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists like Tiotropium considered less effective than inhaled corticosteroids in treating asthma?

    <p>They have lower bioavailability through oral administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Mast Cell Stabilizers like Ipratropium particularly useful in prophylactic therapy for asthma?

    <p>They reduce bronchial hyper-reactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics sets Leukotriene Antagonists apart from Ipratropium and other Bronchodilators?

    <p>Are selective antagonists of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Children respond better than adults' to which category of drugs used in asthma treatment based on the information provided?

    <p>Mast Cell Stabilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of ipratropium and tiotropium in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

    <p>Antagonism of muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the pharmacokinetics of theophylline is correct?

    <p>Enzyme inhibitors decrease its metabolism and increase its half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which methylxanthines, such as theophylline, exert their bronchodilatory effects?

    <p>Inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzymes, leading to increased cAMP levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the use of ipratropium and tiotropium in the management of COPD is correct?

    <p>Tiotropium has a duration of action of approximately 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using methylxanthines, such as theophylline, as bronchodilators in patients with COPD?

    <p>They can improve respiratory muscle function and ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the use of ipratropium and tiotropium in the management of asthma is correct?

    <p>They are combined with β2-agonists and steroids in acute severe asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for anticholinergic bronchodilators like ipratropium and tiotropium in the treatment of COPD?

    <p>Inhibition of muscarinic M3 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the pharmacokinetics of tiotropium is correct?

    <p>Tiotropium is administered via inhalation and has a long duration of action due to its high lipophilicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect associated with the use of methylxanthines like theophylline in the treatment of COPD?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for short-acting 2-agonist bronchodilators like albuterol in the treatment of COPD?

    <p>Stimulation of 2-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased cAMP levels and bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the pharmacokinetics of ipratropium is correct?

    <p>Ipratropium is administered via inhalation and has a short duration of action due to its low lipophilicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential advantage of using long-acting 2-agonist bronchodilators like salmeterol or formoterol in the treatment of COPD?

    <p>Improved patient compliance due to once-daily dosing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential concern associated with the use of methylxanthines like theophylline in the treatment of COPD?

    <p>Narrow therapeutic index, requiring careful monitoring of serum levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential advantage of using anticholinergic bronchodilators like tiotropium in the treatment of COPD?

    <p>Reduced risk of cardiovascular side effects compared to 2-agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the use of combination therapy with bronchodilators in the treatment of COPD is correct?

    <p>Combining a long-acting 2-agonist with an inhaled corticosteroid is a common strategy for managing moderate to severe COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

    <p>Effective in relieving acute asthma attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with mast cell stabilizers?

    <p>Bitter taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do children respond better than adults to mast cell stabilizers?

    <p>Lower frequency of adverse effects in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary disadvantage of using leukotriene receptor antagonists compared to inhaled corticosteroids?

    <p>Lack of anti-inflammatory action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic side effect of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of mast cell stabilizers in asthma therapy?

    <p>Block histamine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of cysteinyl leukotrienes on the airways?

    <p>Bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are leukotriene receptor antagonists not effective in relieving acute asthma attacks?

    <p>Lack of bronchodilator effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the action of leukotriene receptor antagonists compared to glucocorticoids?

    <p>Less effective overall</p> Signup and view all the answers

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