78 Questions
Which type of drug acts primarily on the peripheral stimulation or at the medulla oblongata to relieve cough symptoms?
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
What is the mechanism of action of Benzonatate as a cough suppressant?
Elevates the threshold for coughing by centrally mediated mechanisms
How do Glucocorticoids help in relieving cough symptoms?
By suppressing inflammation and immune response in the airways
Which drug acts as a central cough depressant?
Benzonatate
How do Antihistamines function as antitussives?
By suppressing histamine release in the airways
Which drug is most likely to relieve cough by poorly understood centrally mediated mechanisms at the brain stem?
Benzonatate
What is the most common side effect of corticosteroids nasal sprays used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?
Nasal bleeding
Which drug class is considered a mast cell stabilizer when used as a nasal spray?
Cromolyn Sodium
What is the main characteristic of 'Blue Bloaters' in patients with chronic bronchitis?
Blueish tint on skin and lips
Which drug is commonly used for long-term control in patients with COPD?
Inhaled steroids
What is the main mechanism of action of Xanthine derivatives like Theophylline in the treatment of COPD?
Increases cAMP levels
Which drug class is considered an antitussive due to its mast cell stabilizing properties?
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
What is the characteristic breathing pattern seen in 'Pink Puffers' with emphysema?
Short, fast breaths
What is the mechanism of action of benzonatate as a cough suppressant?
It acts as a local anesthetic in the respiratory passages and pleural receptors, reducing the cough reflex.
What is the mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, in reducing cough?
They bind to cysteinyl leukotriene receptors, decreasing mucous secretion and relaxing bronchial muscle.
How do glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone, help in reducing cough?
By reducing inflammation, they reduce the irritation of C-receptors and the neural response that leads to coughing.
What is the mechanism by which antihistamines, like diphenhydramine, can act as antitussives?
They block cholinergic activity that induces neural activity leading to coughing and reduce nasal secretions that cause post-nasal drip.
Which of the following statements about dextromethorphan is true?
It is an uncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptors and has a central antitussive effect.
Which of the following statements about mucolytics is correct?
They reduce the viscosity of mucus by breaking disulfide bonds in mucoproteins.
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for an antitussive agent?
Hydrolyzing DNA accumulated in sputum to reduce cough stimulation.
Which of the following statements about codeine phosphate is true?
It is an opioid receptor agonist with a short-acting half-life of 2-4 hours.
What is the primary mechanism by which glucocorticoids reduce coughing?
By reducing inflammation, they reduce the irritation of C-receptors and the neural response that leads to coughing.
Which of the following statements about antihistamines as antitussives is correct?
They act as local anesthetics.
Which drug is commonly used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis as a mast cell stabilizer when administered as a nasal spray?
Cromolyn Sodium
What is the main characteristic side effect of corticosteroids nasal sprays used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?
Nasal bleeding
In the context of cough treatment, which of the following drugs is known for its combination with homatropine in cough syrup formulations?
Benzonatate
Which drug class is considered effective for cough suppression due to its antimuscarinic properties?
Anticholinergic agents
What is the primary type of drugs used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that are classified based on spirometry results?
Inhaled bronchodilators
Which drug is commonly used for long-term control in patients with COPD due to its ability to reduce inflammation and prevent asthma attacks?
Corticosteroids
Which drug class acts primarily as a bronchodilator with short-acting and long-acting options for prophylaxis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
B2 agonists
In the context of COPD, which drug class is known for its ability to block M receptors and inhibit phosphodiesterase?
Xanthine derivatives
Which drug, commonly used for COPD, acts by increasing adenyl cyclase activity and subsequently increasing cAMP levels?
Xanthine derivatives
Which of the following is a primary mechanism by which glucocorticoids help in relieving cough symptoms?
Reducing inflammation and edema in the respiratory tract
What is the primary mechanism by which the combination of homatropine with cough syrup is effective in treating cough?
Homatropine reduces mucosal secretions, while the cough syrup acts as a demulcent to soothe the throat
Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?
Glucocorticoids help reduce inflammation and edema in the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis
Which of the following is a common side effect associated with long-term use of intranasal glucocorticoids?
Nasal septal perforation
Which of the following statements about the mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, in reducing cough is correct?
They reduce inflammation and edema in the respiratory tract by blocking leukotriene receptors
Which of the following statements about the use of antihistamines as antitussives is correct?
Antihistamines reduce cough stimulation by inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which antihistamines like diphenhydramine can act as antitussives?
Increasing mucus viscosity through inhibition of mucolytic enzymes
What is the primary reason for combining homatropine with hydrocodone in cough syrup formulations?
Homatropine reduces any reduction in respiratory secretions and bronchial constriction caused by hydrocodone
Which of the following statements about the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in reducing cough is NOT correct?
They act centrally on the cough center in the medulla oblongata
Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?
They are contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension
Which of the following statements about the mechanism of action of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?
They act by blocking the H1 receptor, preventing the effects of histamine
Which of the following drugs is NOT a mast cell stabilizer and is primarily used for its decongestant properties in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?
Pseudoephedrine
Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of COPD is correct?
They are primarily used for their anti-inflammatory properties
Which of the following statements about the use of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is NOT correct?
They are effective in reducing nasal congestion
Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of cough is correct?
They act by reducing inflammation and irritation of C-receptors, leading to a reduced cough reflex
Which of the following statements about the use of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?
They are contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension
What is the primary reason why mast cell stabilizers like Ipratropium are considered ineffective in the treatment of acute asthma attacks?
They are not bronchodilators.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the bioavailability of Methylxanthines administered via inhalation?
Exhibits poor oral absorption of about 10%.
Why are Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists like Tiotropium considered less effective than inhaled corticosteroids in treating asthma?
They have lower bioavailability through oral administration.
What makes Mast Cell Stabilizers like Ipratropium particularly useful in prophylactic therapy for asthma?
They reduce bronchial hyper-reactivity.
Which of the following characteristics sets Leukotriene Antagonists apart from Ipratropium and other Bronchodilators?
Are selective antagonists of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors.
'Children respond better than adults' to which category of drugs used in asthma treatment based on the information provided?
Mast Cell Stabilizers
What is the primary mechanism of action of ipratropium and tiotropium in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Antagonism of muscarinic receptors
Which of the following statements regarding the pharmacokinetics of theophylline is correct?
Enzyme inhibitors decrease its metabolism and increase its half-life
What is the primary mechanism by which methylxanthines, such as theophylline, exert their bronchodilatory effects?
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzymes, leading to increased cAMP levels
Which of the following statements regarding the use of ipratropium and tiotropium in the management of COPD is correct?
Tiotropium has a duration of action of approximately 24 hours
What is the primary advantage of using methylxanthines, such as theophylline, as bronchodilators in patients with COPD?
They can improve respiratory muscle function and ventilation
Which of the following statements regarding the use of ipratropium and tiotropium in the management of asthma is correct?
They are combined with β2-agonists and steroids in acute severe asthma
Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for anticholinergic bronchodilators like ipratropium and tiotropium in the treatment of COPD?
Inhibition of muscarinic M3 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation
Which of the following statements about the pharmacokinetics of tiotropium is correct?
Tiotropium is administered via inhalation and has a long duration of action due to its high lipophilicity
Which of the following is a common side effect associated with the use of methylxanthines like theophylline in the treatment of COPD?
Nausea and vomiting
Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for short-acting 2-agonist bronchodilators like albuterol in the treatment of COPD?
Stimulation of 2-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased cAMP levels and bronchodilation
Which of the following statements about the pharmacokinetics of ipratropium is correct?
Ipratropium is administered via inhalation and has a short duration of action due to its low lipophilicity
Which of the following is a potential advantage of using long-acting 2-agonist bronchodilators like salmeterol or formoterol in the treatment of COPD?
Improved patient compliance due to once-daily dosing
Which of the following is a potential concern associated with the use of methylxanthines like theophylline in the treatment of COPD?
Narrow therapeutic index, requiring careful monitoring of serum levels
Which of the following is a potential advantage of using anticholinergic bronchodilators like tiotropium in the treatment of COPD?
Reduced risk of cardiovascular side effects compared to 2-agonists
Which of the following statements about the use of combination therapy with bronchodilators in the treatment of COPD is correct?
Combining a long-acting 2-agonist with an inhaled corticosteroid is a common strategy for managing moderate to severe COPD
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of leukotriene receptor antagonists?
Effective in relieving acute asthma attacks
What is a common side effect associated with mast cell stabilizers?
Bitter taste
Why do children respond better than adults to mast cell stabilizers?
Lower frequency of adverse effects in children
What is a primary disadvantage of using leukotriene receptor antagonists compared to inhaled corticosteroids?
Lack of anti-inflammatory action
Which of the following is a characteristic side effect of leukotriene receptor antagonists?
Nausea
What is the mechanism of action of mast cell stabilizers in asthma therapy?
Block histamine release
What is the primary effect of cysteinyl leukotrienes on the airways?
Bronchoconstriction
Why are leukotriene receptor antagonists not effective in relieving acute asthma attacks?
Lack of bronchodilator effects
Which of the following best describes the action of leukotriene receptor antagonists compared to glucocorticoids?
Less effective overall
Test your knowledge on dextromethorphan and its role in treating productive cough. Learn about expectorants, mucolytics, and the mechanism of action of this non-opioid antitussive.
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