Dextromethorphan and Cough Management Quiz
78 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of drug acts primarily on the peripheral stimulation or at the medulla oblongata to relieve cough symptoms?

  • Benzonatate
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (correct)
  • Antihistamines

What is the mechanism of action of Benzonatate as a cough suppressant?

  • Central cough depressant
  • Elevates the threshold for coughing by centrally mediated mechanisms (correct)
  • Bronchodilator
  • Stimulates the smooth muscle of the bronchial tree

How do Glucocorticoids help in relieving cough symptoms?

  • By suppressing inflammation and immune response in the airways (correct)
  • By acting as a bronchodilator
  • By modulating the sensory cortex in the brain stem
  • By directly stimulating the cough receptors in the tracheo-bronchial tree

Which drug acts as a central cough depressant?

<p>Benzonatate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Antihistamines function as antitussives?

<p>By suppressing histamine release in the airways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is most likely to relieve cough by poorly understood centrally mediated mechanisms at the brain stem?

<p>Benzonatate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common side effect of corticosteroids nasal sprays used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?

<p>Nasal bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is considered a mast cell stabilizer when used as a nasal spray?

<p>Cromolyn Sodium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of 'Blue Bloaters' in patients with chronic bronchitis?

<p>Blueish tint on skin and lips (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is commonly used for long-term control in patients with COPD?

<p>Inhaled steroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of Xanthine derivatives like Theophylline in the treatment of COPD?

<p>Increases cAMP levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is considered an antitussive due to its mast cell stabilizing properties?

<p>Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic breathing pattern seen in 'Pink Puffers' with emphysema?

<p>Short, fast breaths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of benzonatate as a cough suppressant?

<p>It acts as a local anesthetic in the respiratory passages and pleural receptors, reducing the cough reflex. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, in reducing cough?

<p>They bind to cysteinyl leukotriene receptors, decreasing mucous secretion and relaxing bronchial muscle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone, help in reducing cough?

<p>By reducing inflammation, they reduce the irritation of C-receptors and the neural response that leads to coughing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which antihistamines, like diphenhydramine, can act as antitussives?

<p>They block cholinergic activity that induces neural activity leading to coughing and reduce nasal secretions that cause post-nasal drip. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dextromethorphan is true?

<p>It is an uncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptors and has a central antitussive effect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mucolytics is correct?

<p>They reduce the viscosity of mucus by breaking disulfide bonds in mucoproteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for an antitussive agent?

<p>Hydrolyzing DNA accumulated in sputum to reduce cough stimulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about codeine phosphate is true?

<p>It is an opioid receptor agonist with a short-acting half-life of 2-4 hours. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which glucocorticoids reduce coughing?

<p>By reducing inflammation, they reduce the irritation of C-receptors and the neural response that leads to coughing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about antihistamines as antitussives is correct?

<p>They act as local anesthetics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is commonly used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis as a mast cell stabilizer when administered as a nasal spray?

<p>Cromolyn Sodium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic side effect of corticosteroids nasal sprays used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?

<p>Nasal bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cough treatment, which of the following drugs is known for its combination with homatropine in cough syrup formulations?

<p>Benzonatate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is considered effective for cough suppression due to its antimuscarinic properties?

<p><em>Anticholinergic agents</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of drugs used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that are classified based on spirometry results?

<p>Inhaled bronchodilators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is commonly used for long-term control in patients with COPD due to its ability to reduce inflammation and prevent asthma attacks?

<p><em>Corticosteroids</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class acts primarily as a bronchodilator with short-acting and long-acting options for prophylaxis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

<p><em>B2 agonists</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of COPD, which drug class is known for its ability to block M receptors and inhibit phosphodiesterase?

<p><em>Xanthine derivatives</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug, commonly used for COPD, acts by increasing adenyl cyclase activity and subsequently increasing cAMP levels?

<p><em>Xanthine derivatives</em> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary mechanism by which glucocorticoids help in relieving cough symptoms?

<p>Reducing inflammation and edema in the respiratory tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the combination of homatropine with cough syrup is effective in treating cough?

<p>Homatropine reduces mucosal secretions, while the cough syrup acts as a demulcent to soothe the throat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?

<p>Glucocorticoids help reduce inflammation and edema in the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with long-term use of intranasal glucocorticoids?

<p>Nasal septal perforation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as montelukast and zafirlukast, in reducing cough is correct?

<p>They reduce inflammation and edema in the respiratory tract by blocking leukotriene receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the use of antihistamines as antitussives is correct?

<p>Antihistamines reduce cough stimulation by inhibiting the release of histamine from mast cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which antihistamines like diphenhydramine can act as antitussives?

<p>Increasing mucus viscosity through inhibition of mucolytic enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for combining homatropine with hydrocodone in cough syrup formulations?

<p>Homatropine reduces any reduction in respiratory secretions and bronchial constriction caused by hydrocodone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in reducing cough is NOT correct?

<p>They act centrally on the cough center in the medulla oblongata (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?

<p>They are contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the mechanism of action of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?

<p>They act by blocking the H1 receptor, preventing the effects of histamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is NOT a mast cell stabilizer and is primarily used for its decongestant properties in the treatment of allergic rhinitis?

<p>Pseudoephedrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of COPD is correct?

<p>They are primarily used for their anti-inflammatory properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the use of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is NOT correct?

<p>They are effective in reducing nasal congestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of cough is correct?

<p>They act by reducing inflammation and irritation of C-receptors, leading to a reduced cough reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the use of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is correct?

<p>They are contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why mast cell stabilizers like Ipratropium are considered ineffective in the treatment of acute asthma attacks?

<p>They are not bronchodilators. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the bioavailability of Methylxanthines administered via inhalation?

<p>Exhibits poor oral absorption of about 10%. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists like Tiotropium considered less effective than inhaled corticosteroids in treating asthma?

<p>They have lower bioavailability through oral administration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes Mast Cell Stabilizers like Ipratropium particularly useful in prophylactic therapy for asthma?

<p>They reduce bronchial hyper-reactivity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics sets Leukotriene Antagonists apart from Ipratropium and other Bronchodilators?

<p>Are selective antagonists of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Children respond better than adults' to which category of drugs used in asthma treatment based on the information provided?

<p>Mast Cell Stabilizers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of ipratropium and tiotropium in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

<p>Antagonism of muscarinic receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the pharmacokinetics of theophylline is correct?

<p>Enzyme inhibitors decrease its metabolism and increase its half-life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which methylxanthines, such as theophylline, exert their bronchodilatory effects?

<p>Inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzymes, leading to increased cAMP levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the use of ipratropium and tiotropium in the management of COPD is correct?

<p>Tiotropium has a duration of action of approximately 24 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using methylxanthines, such as theophylline, as bronchodilators in patients with COPD?

<p>They can improve respiratory muscle function and ventilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the use of ipratropium and tiotropium in the management of asthma is correct?

<p>They are combined with β2-agonists and steroids in acute severe asthma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for anticholinergic bronchodilators like ipratropium and tiotropium in the treatment of COPD?

<p>Inhibition of muscarinic M3 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the pharmacokinetics of tiotropium is correct?

<p>Tiotropium is administered via inhalation and has a long duration of action due to its high lipophilicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect associated with the use of methylxanthines like theophylline in the treatment of COPD?

<p>Nausea and vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for short-acting 2-agonist bronchodilators like albuterol in the treatment of COPD?

<p>Stimulation of 2-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased cAMP levels and bronchodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the pharmacokinetics of ipratropium is correct?

<p>Ipratropium is administered via inhalation and has a short duration of action due to its low lipophilicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential advantage of using long-acting 2-agonist bronchodilators like salmeterol or formoterol in the treatment of COPD?

<p>Improved patient compliance due to once-daily dosing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential concern associated with the use of methylxanthines like theophylline in the treatment of COPD?

<p>Narrow therapeutic index, requiring careful monitoring of serum levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential advantage of using anticholinergic bronchodilators like tiotropium in the treatment of COPD?

<p>Reduced risk of cardiovascular side effects compared to 2-agonists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the use of combination therapy with bronchodilators in the treatment of COPD is correct?

<p>Combining a long-acting 2-agonist with an inhaled corticosteroid is a common strategy for managing moderate to severe COPD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

<p>Effective in relieving acute asthma attacks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with mast cell stabilizers?

<p>Bitter taste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do children respond better than adults to mast cell stabilizers?

<p>Lower frequency of adverse effects in children (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary disadvantage of using leukotriene receptor antagonists compared to inhaled corticosteroids?

<p>Lack of anti-inflammatory action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic side effect of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

<p>Nausea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of mast cell stabilizers in asthma therapy?

<p>Block histamine release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of cysteinyl leukotrienes on the airways?

<p>Bronchoconstriction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are leukotriene receptor antagonists not effective in relieving acute asthma attacks?

<p>Lack of bronchodilator effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the action of leukotriene receptor antagonists compared to glucocorticoids?

<p>Less effective overall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser