Dexamethasone Flashcards

Dexamethasone Overview

• Dexamethasone is classified as a corticosteroid, primarily used for its anti-inflammatory properties.

Mechanism of Action

• Acts as a synthetic steroid, effectively suppressing both acute and chronic inflammation.
• Reduces bronchial hyperactivity and decreases mucus production in the respiratory system.
• Enhances both the number and responsiveness of beta 2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs.

Pharmacokinetics

• Rapid onset of action: within 1 hour when administered via IV or IM; 1-2 hours for oral administration.

Indications

• Effective treatment for moderate to severe asthma and COPD.
• Utilized in managing severe allergic reactions and croup.

Contraindications

• Use is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to corticosteroids.

Precautions

• Monitoring is required as Dexamethasone may cause hypertension and hyperglycemia.

Side Effects

• Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, and dizziness.

Dosage Guidelines

• Adult dosage: 10 mg can be given via IV, IO, IM, or orally.
• Pediatric dosage: 0.3 mg/kg through IV, IO, IM, or orally.