37 Questions
What is a failure to develop beyond a particular point of development referred to as?
Arrested development
What type of study involves observing the same individual(s) performing the same task on numerous occasions over a long period of time?
Longitudinal research study
Which type of research design includes an element of both longitudinal research and cross-sectional research?
Sequential research design
What is a group whose members share a common characteristic, such as age or experience, called?
Cohort
What type of study pools results from different primary sources to compile and show main themes?
Meta-analyses
According to the maturational perspective led by Arnold Gesell, motor development is primarily driven by:
Genetics
What did the Co-Twin Control Strategy led by Gesell et al. (1927) study in relation to motor development?
The influence of training on climbing stairs for identical twins
What does the maturational perspective suggest about the emergence of basic motor skills?
They emerge automatically, regardless of environment
In the Co-Twin Control Strategy led by Myrtle McGraw (1935), what were the differences between Johnny and Jimmy?
Johnny experienced challenging environments and tasks, while Jimmy had no special training
According to the maturational perspective, what is the belief about the need for special training in motor skill development?
There is no need for special training
What does the Co-Twin Control Strategy led by Gesell et al. (1927) demonstrate about the performance of identical twins on climbing stairs?
Their performance was remarkably similar after training and control conditions
What is the main idea behind the Information Processing perspective in motor learning?
The brain acts like a computer, processing information to produce movements
According to the Dynamical Systems Approach, what constrains behavior in motor learning?
The organization of physical and chemical systems
In the ecological perspective, what must be considered to fully understand a motor skill like kicking?
The interaction of all constraints, such as body type and motivation
What does the Perception-Action Approach emphasize in relation to motor learning?
The close interrelationship between perceptual and motor systems
What is the primary focus of the Dynamical Systems Approach in motor learning?
The organization of physical and chemical systems in constraining behavior
According to the Ecological Perspective, what plays a crucial role in understanding motor skills like kicking?
The interaction of all constraints, i.e., body type, motivation, temperature, and equipment size
What concept does the Affordance model focus on in motor learning?
The function that an environmental object provides to an individual
What does the Information Processing perspective compare the brain's function to?
A computer processing information to produce movements
What is emphasized by the Perception-Action Approach according to J.J. Gibson's model?
The close interrelationship between perceptual and motor systems
What is suggested by the Dynamical Systems Approach regarding coordination and behavior in motor learning?
They are softly assembled, not hardwired, enabling walking when necessary
What does the concept of body scaling involve in motor learning?
Adjusting the size of the environment or an object to match an individual's structural constraints
What does the Rate Limiter concept represent in motor skill development?
An individual constraint that slows the emergence of a motor skill because it develops slower than other systems
What does the concept of affordance entail in the context of motor learning?
The opportunities and constraints presented by the environment for a person's motor skill development
What characterizes an individual constraint or system as a Rate Limiter in motor skill development?
It holds back or slows the emergence of a motor skill because it develops slower than other systems
What is the equation for impulse in terms of force and time?
Impulse = force x time
According to Newton's Third Law, what does the law of action-reaction state?
For every force exerted, the object exerts an equal force back in the opposite direction
What is the equation for momentum in terms of mass and velocity?
Momentum = mass x velocity
In motor learning, what concept does conservation of momentum emphasize?
The total momentum between players remains constant before and after collision
At what stage of walking do toddlers typically start to exhibit oppositional arm and leg movements?
Early stages of walking
What does Newton's Cradle demonstrate about momentum?
Momentum is conserved during collisions
According to Newton’s First Law, what happens to an object at rest or in motion?
It stays at rest until acted on by a force
What does mass measure in an object according to the text?
The amount of matter an object has
According to Newton’s Second Law, what is the relationship between acceleration and force applied to an object?
Directly proportional
What is impulse defined as according to the text?
A certain amount of force applied for a certain amount of time
What does inertia refer to according to the text?
Natural resistance to an unbalanced force
What is weight defined as according to the text?
A measure of how strongly an object’s mass is attracted by gravity
Test your knowledge about developmental trajectory, arrested development, longitudinal research studies, and cross-sectional research studies. Learn about how behaviors change over age or time and different research methods for studying development.
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