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At what age range does middle adulthood occur?
At what age range does middle adulthood occur?
Which stage of development is characterized by children aged 6 to 10/11 years?
Which stage of development is characterized by children aged 6 to 10/11 years?
Which developmental period comes immediately after infancy?
Which developmental period comes immediately after infancy?
During which period do people typically reach adolescence?
During which period do people typically reach adolescence?
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Which of these periods is characterized by the age range of birth to 18-24 months?
Which of these periods is characterized by the age range of birth to 18-24 months?
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Which principle of human development suggests that an individual's development is not just limited to one characteristic but includes physical, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions?
Which principle of human development suggests that an individual's development is not just limited to one characteristic but includes physical, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions?
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Which principle acknowledges that the impact of biological and cultural factors on development varies throughout a person's life?
Which principle acknowledges that the impact of biological and cultural factors on development varies throughout a person's life?
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Which principle highlights that developmental changes can occur in different directions, not just as improvements or growth?
Which principle highlights that developmental changes can occur in different directions, not just as improvements or growth?
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Which principle suggests that individuals have the capacity to change in response to influential experiences throughout their life?
Which principle suggests that individuals have the capacity to change in response to influential experiences throughout their life?
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Which principle reflects that how a person uses their resources, like time and energy, changes as they progress through different stages of life?
Which principle reflects that how a person uses their resources, like time and energy, changes as they progress through different stages of life?
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Which type of developmental change is characterized by a gradual increase without distinct stages?
Which type of developmental change is characterized by a gradual increase without distinct stages?
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Which example best illustrates discontinuous development?
Which example best illustrates discontinuous development?
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In the context of developmental changes, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of continuous change?
In the context of developmental changes, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of continuous change?
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Which of the following is associated with quantitative changes in development?
Which of the following is associated with quantitative changes in development?
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Which of these statements accurately describes discontinuous developmental change?
Which of these statements accurately describes discontinuous developmental change?
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What type of influence includes physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes at predictable ages?
What type of influence includes physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes at predictable ages?
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Which type of influence is characterized by historical events that affect large numbers of individuals at about the same time?
Which type of influence is characterized by historical events that affect large numbers of individuals at about the same time?
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Which of the following describes nonnormative life events?
Which of the following describes nonnormative life events?
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What kind of events fall under normative age-graded influences?
What kind of events fall under normative age-graded influences?
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How are normative history-graded influences different from nonnormative life events?
How are normative history-graded influences different from nonnormative life events?
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Which of the following best describes the idea that each culture has specific timelines for life experiences?
Which of the following best describes the idea that each culture has specific timelines for life experiences?
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Which term refers to the societal norms that dictate the expected timeline for life events such as marriage and parenthood?
Which term refers to the societal norms that dictate the expected timeline for life events such as marriage and parenthood?
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What does the concept of the Social Clock suggest about cultural norms and individual experiences?
What does the concept of the Social Clock suggest about cultural norms and individual experiences?
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During which of Freud's stages does a child typically become attached to the opposite-sex parent and later identify with the same-sex parent?
During which of Freud's stages does a child typically become attached to the opposite-sex parent and later identify with the same-sex parent?
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What is the primary focus of gratification during the anal stage according to Freud's theory?
What is the primary focus of gratification during the anal stage according to Freud's theory?
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Which stage in Freud's psychosexual theory is characterized as a sexually dormant period?
Which stage in Freud's psychosexual theory is characterized as a sexually dormant period?
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At which stage do mature adult sexuality and the re-emergence of sexual impulses from the phallic stage occur?
At which stage do mature adult sexuality and the re-emergence of sexual impulses from the phallic stage occur?
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Which level of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory includes cultural patterns and political systems?
Which level of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory includes cultural patterns and political systems?
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At which level does interaction between two or more microsystems occur?
At which level does interaction between two or more microsystems occur?
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Which level is directly related to the individual's immediate environment, such as home or school?
Which level is directly related to the individual's immediate environment, such as home or school?
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How is the exosystem different from the microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's theory?
How is the exosystem different from the microsystem in Bronfenbrenner's theory?
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What does the chronosystem encompass in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory?
What does the chronosystem encompass in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory?
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What Apgar score is given to a newborn with a heart rate of 90 beats per minute?
What Apgar score is given to a newborn with a heart rate of 90 beats per minute?
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Which Apgar score description refers to a newborn who is entirely pink, has a rapid pulse, and is actively crying?
Which Apgar score description refers to a newborn who is entirely pink, has a rapid pulse, and is actively crying?
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If a newborn exhibits grimace (reflex irritability) and irregular, slow respiration, what is the corresponding Apgar score for each?
If a newborn exhibits grimace (reflex irritability) and irregular, slow respiration, what is the corresponding Apgar score for each?
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Which of the following scores 2 points on the Apgar scale?
Which of the following scores 2 points on the Apgar scale?
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What is the Apgar score for a newborn with blue, pale appearance and absent respiration?
What is the Apgar score for a newborn with blue, pale appearance and absent respiration?
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Which parenting style emphasizes respect for a child's individuality while also instilling social values?
Which parenting style emphasizes respect for a child's individuality while also instilling social values?
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Which parenting style is characterized by low levels of nurturance, maturity demands, control, and communication?
Which parenting style is characterized by low levels of nurturance, maturity demands, control, and communication?
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What is a key characteristic of Permissive Parenting?
What is a key characteristic of Permissive Parenting?
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Which of these parenting styles places the greatest emphasis on control and obedience?
Which of these parenting styles places the greatest emphasis on control and obedience?
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Which parenting style allows children considerable freedom while avoiding enforcing rules and limits?
Which parenting style allows children considerable freedom while avoiding enforcing rules and limits?
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At what stage does the blastocyst begin to invade the uterine wall?
At what stage does the blastocyst begin to invade the uterine wall?
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Which day is marked by the formation of a blastocyst?
Which day is marked by the formation of a blastocyst?
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When does fertilization typically occur within the menstrual cycle?
When does fertilization typically occur within the menstrual cycle?
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What structure is formed 3 days after fertilization?
What structure is formed 3 days after fertilization?
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How long after fertilization do the male and female chromosome materials unite?
How long after fertilization do the male and female chromosome materials unite?
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When does the blastocyst attach to the uterine wall?
When does the blastocyst attach to the uterine wall?
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Which part of the brain regulates the amount of fear, thirst, sexual drive, and aggression we feel?
Which part of the brain regulates the amount of fear, thirst, sexual drive, and aggression we feel?
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Which brain region relays information from sensory organs to the cerebral cortex?
Which brain region relays information from sensory organs to the cerebral cortex?
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What is the primary function of the cingulate cortex?
What is the primary function of the cingulate cortex?
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Which brain region is involved in our motivation, emotional control, and fear response?
Which brain region is involved in our motivation, emotional control, and fear response?
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Which part of the brain is crucial for learning and memory?
Which part of the brain is crucial for learning and memory?
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Study Notes
Periods of Development
- Infancy: birth to 18-24 months
- Prenatal period: conception to birth
- Early childhood: 3-5 years
- Middle and late childhood: 6-10/11 years
- Adolescence: 10-12 to 18-21 years
- Early adulthood: 20s and 30s
- Middle adulthood: 40s and 50s
- Late adulthood: 60s-70s to death
Developmental Psychology Image
- The image depicts different stages in human development
- The prenatal period is represented by a fetus in the womb
- Infancy is represented by a baby
- Early childhood is represented by a young girl drawing
- Middle to late childhood is represented by a young boy smiling
- Adolescence is represented by two young teenagers, a girl whispering into the ear of the other
- Early adulthood is represented by a young couple looking lovingly at each other
- Middle adulthood is represented by a married couple in their 40s or 50s looking at a document
- Late adulthood is represented by an elderly couple smiling at the camera
Principles of Human Development
- Human development is a lifelong process that continues from birth to old age.
- Development is multidimensional, meaning it encompasses physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional aspects.
- Development is multidirectional, implying that it can proceed in different directions, and may even reverse or plateau at times.
- The relative influences of biology and culture on development shift over the life span, with biology having a more significant impact in early life and culture playing a more dominant role later on.
- Development involves changing resource allocations, meaning that the resources available for development, such as energy and attention, change over time.
- Development shows plasticity, meaning that it has the ability to change and adapt throughout life in response to experiences and environments.
- Development is influenced by the historical and cultural context in which it takes place, meaning that cultural and historical factors shape the development process.
Types of Development
- Continuous Development: Characterized by quantitative changes, with no distinct stages, and occurs gradually.
- Discontinuous Development: Involves qualitative changes, and development occurs in distinct stages.
Characteristics of Continuous Development
- Quantitative changes: Changes occur in degree or amount, rather than in kind.
- No stages: Development is a gradual process with no distinct stages.
Characteristics of Discontinuous Development
- Qualitative changes: Changes occur in kind or type, rather than in degree or amount.
- Stages: Development occurs in distinct stages, with each stage marking a significant change.
The Timing of Development
Normative Age-Graded Influences
- Refers to the predictable physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes that occur at specific ages
- Examples include puberty, menopause, and cognitive developmental stages
Normative History-Graded Influences
- Historical events that affect a large population of individuals at the same time
- Examples include wars, economic depressions, and social movements
- Can shape the experiences and perspectives of an entire generation
Nonnormative Life Events
- Unusual events that occur to a particular individual
- Typical events that occur at an unusual time in life
- Examples include winning the lottery, experiencing a natural disaster, or getting married at a young age
The Timing of Development
Normative Age-Graded Influences
- Refers to the predictable physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes that occur at specific ages
- Examples include puberty, menopause, and cognitive developmental stages
Normative History-Graded Influences
- Historical events that affect a large population of individuals at the same time
- Examples include wars, economic depressions, and social movements
- Can shape the experiences and perspectives of an entire generation
Nonnormative Life Events
- Unusual events that occur to a particular individual
- Typical events that occur at an unusual time in life
- Examples include winning the lottery, experiencing a natural disaster, or getting married at a young age
The Concept of Social Clock
- A social clock refers to a set of age norms defining a sequence of life experiences that is considered normal in a given culture.
- It outlines the expected timeline for life events in a particular culture.
The Meme and Its Significance
- The meme depicts two scenarios of individuals at age 29, one choosing to have a baby and the other opting to get a cat.
- The meme highlights the disparity between societal expectations and individual preferences in terms of life events and their timings.
- It suggests that societal norms may not always align with personal choices or priorities.
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- No image or text was provided for summarization.
- Please provide the text you'd like me to summarize, and I'll assist you in creating concise study notes.
Urie Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory
- Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory consists of five levels of environmental influence that affect human development.
Five Levels of Environmental Influence
- Microsystem: The innermost level, comprising immediate environments such as home, work, and neighborhood.
- Mesosystem: The level that involves interactions between microsystems, such as interactions between home and school.
- Exosystem: The level that involves interactions between a microsystem and an outside system, such as a parent's workplace affecting the home environment.
- Macrosystem: The level that encompasses cultural patterns, ideologies, and political systems that shape the environment.
- Chronosystem: The level that represents the dimension of time, highlighting how environmental influences change over time.
Apgar Scale
- The Apgar Scale assesses newborn babies' overall health and well-being at birth.
- The scale evaluates five vital signs: appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.
Appearance (Color)
- A score of 0 indicates the baby's skin tone is blue or pale.
- A score of 1 indicates the baby's body is pink, but their extremities are blue.
- A score of 2 indicates the baby's entire body is pink.
Pulse (Heart Rate)
- A score of 0 indicates the baby's heart rate is absent.
- A score of 1 indicates the baby's heart rate is slow (below 100 beats per minute).
- A score of 2 indicates the baby's heart rate is rapid (over 100 beats per minute).
Grimace (Reflex Irritability)
- A score of 0 indicates the baby shows no response to stimulation.
- A score of 1 indicates the baby responds with a grimace.
- A score of 2 indicates the baby responds with coughing, sneezing, or crying.
Parenting Styles (Baumrind)
- Authoritarian Parenting: emphasizes control and obedience, with a focus on strict rules and punishments.
- Authoritative Parenting: balances respect for a child's individuality with efforts to instill social values, promoting a sense of autonomy and responsibility.
- Permissive Parenting: prioritizes self-expression and self-regulation, with a focus on emotional support and minimal boundaries.
- Uninvolved Parenting: characterized by a lack of nurturing, maturity demands, control, and communication, often leading to a sense of neglect.
Germinal Stage
- Occurs from fertilization to two weeks after
- Characterized by rapid division of zygote (fertilized egg)
- Day 5: cells form a hollow, fluid-filled ball called blastocyst
- Day 6 or 7: blastocyst comes into contact with uterine wall (implantation)
Fertilization and Early Development
- Single egg cell is drawn into fallopian tube 9-16 days into a 28-day menstrual cycle
- Fertilization usually occurs in the upper third of the tube within 24 hours after ovulation
- 24-30 hours after fertilization: male and female chromosome material unite
- 36 hours: zygote divides into 2 cells
- 48 hours: 4 cells are present
- 3 days: compact ball of 16-32 cells forms
- 4 days: hollow ball of 64-128 cells (blastocyst) forms
Implantation
- 4-5 days: inner cell mass forms; blastocyst is still free in uterus
- 6-7 days: blastocyst attaches to uterine wall
- 11-15 days: blastocyst invades uterine wall and becomes implanted in it
Brain Regions
- Human brain is divided into distinct regions, each with specific functions
Major Regions
- Hypothalamus: Regulates emotions, such as fear, thirst, sexual drive, and aggression
- Thalamus: Acts as a relay station, transmitting sensory information from organs to the cerebral cortex
- Cingulate Cortex: Processes emotions and cognition, being a primary component of the limbic system
- Amygdala: Influences motivation, emotional control, fear response, and interpretation of nonverbal emotional expressions
- Hippocampus: Crucial for learning, memory, and comparing sensory information to expectations
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Description
This quiz covers the different stages of human development, from prenatal period to late adulthood. Each stage is represented by a picture of a person correlating to that age group.
