Developmental Psychology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

At which stage of development do infants learn to trust based on caregiver responses?

  • Adolescence
  • Preschool Years
  • Infancy (correct)
  • Toddlerhood

Plasticity refers to the ability to remain unchanged as a person ages.

False (B)

Name the three basic dimensions of the aging process.

Biological, cognitive, socio-emotional

During toddlerhood, children face the conflict between _____ and shame and doubt.

<p>autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does exercise play in the context of aging and plasticity?

<p>It can positively affect physical functioning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Socio-emotional processes involve changes in an individual's relationships with others.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to a sense of self-efficacy in toddlers?

<p>Encouragement of independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of development with their main conflict:

<p>Infancy = Trust vs. Mistrust Toddlerhood = Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Preschool Years = Initiative vs. Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if a child's assertiveness is met with guilt or shame?

<p>They may grow up timid and less likely to take the lead. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children who perform worse than their peers in school may develop stronger self-esteem.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus during adolescence according to the content?

<p>Developing a sense of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

In stage 6, young adulthood is characterized by the struggle between intimacy and _______.

<p>isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the developmental stage with the corresponding conflict:

<p>Stage 4 = Industry vs. Inferiority Stage 5 = Identity vs. Role Confusion Stage 6 = Intimacy vs. Isolation Stage 8 = Integrity vs. Despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a main concern for individuals in middle adulthood?

<p>Contributions to society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adolescents who pursue their own interests are more likely to experience role confusion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the theory of cognitive development?

<p>Jean Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Skinner's operant conditioning theory?

<p>Learning through reinforcement and punishment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive punishment involves the removal of a reward.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is best known for originating attachment theory?

<p>John Bowlby</p> Signup and view all the answers

Operant conditioning can be used to ______ the frequency of certain behaviors.

<p>increase or decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following operant conditioning concepts with their definitions:

<p>Positive reinforcer = Addition of a reward Negative reinforcer = Removal of a punishment Positive punisher = Addition of a punishment Negative punisher = Removal of a reward</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of operant conditioning technique?

<p>Cognitive dissonance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children must develop multiple strong bonds in childhood to trust and form adult relationships according to attachment theory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the age range of children observed by Mary Salter Ainsworth in her study?

<p>12 to 18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Freud's unconscious mind?

<p>Instincts and fears (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The superego represents the moral or ethical framework of personality.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five stages of Freud's psychosexual development?

<p>oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital</p> Signup and view all the answers

John B. Watson is known as the father of __________.

<p>behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms does Freud identify as a way to deal with psychological stress?

<p>Displacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the theorist with their contribution:

<p>Sigmund Freud = Unconscious mind, id, ego, superego John B. Watson = Father of behaviorism Ivan Pavlov = Classical conditioning Carl Rogers = Client-centered therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to behavioral theorists, behavior is influenced by feelings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'catharsis' in the context of Freud's theories.

<p>Emotional release from psychological distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist is known for founding attachment style theory?

<p>John Bowlby (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Bobo doll experiment was conducted to study attachment styles.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four types of attachment styles according to attachment theory?

<p>Secure, Avoidant, Ambivalent, Disorganized</p> Signup and view all the answers

In social learning theory, behavior is learned from the environment through ______________.

<p>observational learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of observational learning?

<p>Reinforcement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lev Vygotsky emphasized the role of the environment in developing higher-order functions of the brain.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Bandura's social learning theory?

<p>Observation and imitation of behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theorists with their respective theories:

<p>John Bowlby = Attachment Theory Albert Bandura = Social Learning Theory Lev Vygotsky = Sociocultural Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

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