Developmental Psychology Overview
38 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a social construction, in relation to the lifespan?

  • A unique, individual experience of life that is not influenced by culture
  • A universally recognized period of life based on scientific observation.
  • A period of life identified by specific cultural and societal factors (correct)
  • A biological and predetermined period of life based on genetics

    • Which of the following is NOT a domain of development?

  • Physical
  • Cognitive
  • Psychosocial
  • Emotional (correct)

    • What does the concept of multifinality describe?

  • The idea that a single cause can lead to different outcomes. (correct)
  • The idea that different life experiences can lead to the same outcome.
  • The idea that different developmental stages happen at different times for everyone.
  • The idea that development is influenced by both nature and nurture.

    • What does the term "nature vs nurture" refer to in terms of development?

    <p>The idea that development is a result of the interplay between innate predispositions and environmental influences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following periods is NOT listed as a stage of the lifespan in the text ?

    <p>Preschool (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main point of the text about adolescence?

    <p>Adolescence is a stage that has recently been identified as a distinct period of development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the text?

    <p>To introduce and explain important concepts that form the foundation of developmental psychology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT part of Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development?

    <p>Post-Operational (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT an example of scaffolding?

    <p>A therapist demonstrating a new relaxation technique for a client (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following BEST describes assimilation?

    <p>Modifying existing knowledge to incorporate new information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, what is the key concept that Bandura’s Social Learning (Cognitive) Theory emphasizes?

    <p>Learning occurs through observation and modeling. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of information processing theory?

    <p>It focuses on stages of cognitive development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes reciprocal determinism?

    <p>The individual and their environment influence each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an example of a scheme?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase "Out of sight, out of mind" refer to?

    <p>The concept of object permanence in Piaget's Sensorimotor stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation is known as "The Silent Generation"?

    <p>1925–1945 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the life-span developmental approach?

    <p>Linear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does "nonnormative influences" refer to?

    <p>Events unique to an individual that disrupt their expected life cycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which of the following is an example of an atypical event?

    <p>Surviving a plane crash (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is "imprinting" in developmental terms?

    <p>The ability of an organism's nervous system to quickly acquire information during a specific period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted a famous study on imprinting using goslings?

    <p>Konrad Lorenz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the life-span developmental approach as described in the text?

    <p>Development is a linear process from birth to death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about the balance between biology and culture in development?

    <p>The relative influence of biology and culture varies over the lifespan. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is "changing resource allocation" important to the life-span developmental approach?

    <p>Individuals have limited resources and must choose how to allocate them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one implication of the "multidirectional" characteristic of the life-span developmental approach?

    <p>Individuals experience both positive and negative growth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is most likely to be used to establish cause and effect relationships?

    <p>Experiment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method is most likely to be subject to observer bias?

    <p>Naturalistic Observation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of a correlational study?

    <p>It can establish cause and effect relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of an experiment?

    <p>It manipulates an independent variable to determine its effect on a dependent variable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research method is most likely to be used for an in-depth study of a culture or subculture?

    <p>Naturalistic Observation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to a person's ethnicity?

    <p>Socioeconomic Status (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between an ethnic group and an ethnic minority?

    <p>Ethnic minorities are distinct from the majority culture of a society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 'ethnic gloss'?

    <p>A simplified stereotype about a particular ethnic group. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a Normative Age-Graded Influence on development?

    <p>The timing of puberty and the ability to reproduce. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Normative History-Graded Influences affect development?

    <p>They shape the experiences and attitudes of a generation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Sensitive Period in development?

    <p>It is a fixed period of time with a set start and end date. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a Cohort and a Historical Generation?

    <p>Cohorts are determined by age, while Historical Generations are defined by major historical events. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'New Silent Generation' is another name for which generation?

    <p>Generation Z (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developmental Psychology Study Notes

    • Developmental psychology examines systematic changes and consistencies in people from conception to death.
    • Lifespan development considers development across the entire lifespan, from infancy to old age.
    • Key goals of human development involve describing, explaining, predicting, and intervening in the development process.
    • Development encompasses distinct domains: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial.
    • Influences on development include nature (genetics) and nurture (environment), with both impacting development interactively.
    • Human development takes place within various contexts, including family, socioeconomic status, culture, ethnicity, and history.
    • Lifespan development follows various approaches: lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, contextual, and multidisciplinary.
    • Certain periods of critical and sensitive importance (e.g., imprinting, critical periods, and sensitive periods) demonstrate how influential particular durations are during developmental stages.
    • Different perspectives exist in developmental psychology (e.g., psychodynamic, learning, cognitive, contextual, and evolutionary). These perspectives contribute unique insights and are helpful in understanding various aspects of human development.
    • Developmental stages are marked by various concepts including sensitive periods and critical periods, where a given event or lack of an event will have an impact on development.
    • Human development involves the interplay of active and reactive influences. Active, or organismic models, view people as taking initiative in their own development, and reactive, or mechanistic models, emphasize the role of environment in influencing development.
    • Theoretical perspectives in developmental psychology include psychoanalytic, learning, cognitive, contextual, and evolutionary/sociobiological frameworks.
    • Research methods in developmental psychology include self-report, naturalistic observation, laboratory observation, behavioral and performance measures, case studies, ethnographic studies, correlational studies, and experiments.
    • Different theoretical perspectives address development in unique ways.
    • Different research methods offer various research methods.

    Psychoanalytic Perspective (Sigmund Freud & Erik Erikson)

    • Freud's theory proposes distinct psychosexual stages impacting personality development.
    • Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes social crises and tasks throughout the lifespan stages.

    Learning Perspective (e.g., Classical & Operant Conditioning)

    • Learning perspectives focus on observable behaviors.
    • Principles of classical and operant conditioning help us understand how behaviors change based on the environment.
    • A type of learning perspective involves modelling. Here, individuals observe and imitate behaviors they see exhibited by those around them.

    Cognitive Perspective (Jean Piaget)

    • Piaget's theory focuses on how the mind structures knowledge and changes over time.
    • Cognitive stages represent distinct ways of thinking or understanding the world.
    • Aspects of Piaget's approach focus on how individuals adapt structures or schemata with new knowledge from the world.

    Contextual Perspective (e.g., Brofenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory)

    • Contextual approaches examine how biological, psychological, and environmental processes work together in development and how individual development operates in various contexts. 
    • Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory suggests nested systems that influence development.

    Biological Foundations

    • Biological processes influence development in intricate ways starting from the moment of conception.
    • Influences of heredity and environment impact biological factors involving genetic abnormalities and disorders, developmental timelines, and the relationship between heredity and the environment.
    • Understand genetics, including meiosis, mitosis, and chromosomal abnormalities, and how they relate to human development. 

    Prenatal Development

    • Prenatal development encompasses germinal, embryonic, and fetal stages.
    • Understanding the critical periods during prenatal development helps to consider how external factors and environments can have a significant influence on a child's life.

    Infancy

    • Infancy is a period of rapid physical growth and development.
    • Important topics in this stage include nutrition and feeding, brain development, reflexes, milestones of motor development, and theories of motor development.

    Additional Study Points

    • Research methods are important for advancing knowledge, and various types offer distinct strengths and limitations.
    • Various theoretical perspectives contribute to the understanding of human development and provide significant insights into how people grow and develop along the lifespan.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Developmental Psychology DEVP211 Past Paper 2024-2025 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts in developmental psychology, including the lifespan perspective, cognitive development stages, and important theories like Bandura's Social Learning Theory. This quiz covers various domains of development and investigates fundamental principles such as nature versus nurture.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser