Unit 1 - Intro to Developmental Psychology

<p>It ensures that the research results can be applied to real-world situations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reliable measure can be valid or invalid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The observation that the same behavior can have different meanings at different developmental stages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous development emphasizes gradual changes, while discontinuous development focuses on distinct stages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of genes, different treatment, and variable reactions to the same treatment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The notion that some children are more sensitive to their environments, either positively or negatively, than others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Often associated with internalized distress and anxiety. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children actively influence their own learning, behaviors, and environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes establish a framework for individual differences, but environmental factors play a crucial role in shaping development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reliability refers to the consistency of measurement across different contexts and times. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimental designs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot establish cause and effect relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difficulty in determining which variable influences the other. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eating the marshmallow immediately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measures of inhibitory control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific letter or number (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observation of pre-determined behaviors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The child's preference for certain toys. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It clarifies whether certain parenting practices like &quot;crying it out&quot; or &quot;time out&quot; are universally effective. (A), It helps parents understand if their child's behavior is typical or requires professional attention. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The persistence of similar developmental pathways and structural patterns across generations, despite environmental influences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homotypic continuity occurs at the genetic level, while phenotypic continuity occurs at the observable level. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The similarity in fur color between a mother and her offspring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homotypic continuity determines phenotypic continuity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental factors can alter the expression of genetic traits, thus influencing phenotypic continuity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutations can disrupt phenotypic continuity by altering gene expression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Random mutations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides insights into the stability of developmental mechanisms and the transmission of traits across generations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consistency of evaluations across different observers.

Dependability of a test over time to yield consistent results.

Confidence in establishing cause-and-effect relationships in a study.

Generalizability of study results to other contexts or populations.

Techniques like interviews and questionnaires to collect information.

Children who shape their own learning, behaviors, and environments.

Development is gradual and cumulative over time, not in separate stages.

Children develop separate skill sets that qualitatively change as they grow.

Different children react uniquely to the same environmental influences due to genetics.

The idea that a child's development is influenced and shaped by their unique environment.

Behaviors that are negatively expressed outward, like aggression or impulsivity.

The same behavior has different meanings across different developmental stages.

The consistency of a measurement over time without change.

The study of physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout the lifespan.

Common life experiences shared by most individuals, despite differences.

The variety and differences in people's lives and development.

Average patterns of development that provide a benchmark for individuals.

Debate examining the relative contributions of genetics and environment on development.

Factors that affect how children behave, including parenting methods and individual tendencies.

Children's ability to recount events can vary based on questioning techniques used.

Debate on whether children actively shape their own development or passively receive experiences.

A method involving observation and recording of specific behaviors in a controlled setting using pre-determined categories.

Research designs that observe the relationship between two variables without manipulation, revealing correlations but not causation.

An issue in correlational studies where a third variable may influence both variables being studied, creating misleading correlations.

Research designs where the researcher manipulates variables, creating conditions to study effects on outcomes under controlled conditions.

The ability to suppress a dominant response in favor of a less dominant response, often related to self-regulation.

A classic experiment testing children's inhibitory control by offering them a choice between immediate and delayed gratification.

A cognitive test used to assess selective attention, where participants respond to a target stimulus amidst distracting stimuli.

A task measuring inhibitory control in children by requiring them to wait before choosing toys, testing their self-control.

Similarity in form and structure between successive generations of organisms.

Similar observable characteristics between generations influenced by genetics and environment.