Developmental Psychology Overview

Developmental psychology

Qualitative development

Quantitative development

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measures need to be based on age and the abilities of a given age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choosing the right research design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Can establish cause and effect relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohort effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allows us to be extremely confident that people are indeed changing over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cohort effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High confidence that observed changes are due to development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germinal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryonic stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons and glia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neural migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neural proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptic pruning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelination of axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Down syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teratogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal alcohol syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geometric patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habituation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dishabituation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motor development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cephalocaudal and proximodistal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensorimotor stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Object permanence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preoperational stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symbolic representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Egocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concrete operational stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formal operational stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Imprinting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Harry Harlow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Bowlby</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disorganized</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperament</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory of mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sociocultural view of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scaffolding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warmth and responsiveness; control and demandingness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permissive parenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authoritative parenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disengaged parenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Authoritarian parenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social psychology investigates how the immediate environment shapes behavior, while personality psychology focuses on individual traits and their influence on actions across situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Need to be unique</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fundamental attribution error</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-serving attributions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivational</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how people change physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally from infancy through old age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative and quantitative development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conception to two weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fertilized egg, formed by the union of a sperm and egg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A hollow ball of cells that marks the stage between the germinal and embryonic periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two to eight weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unborn, developing offspring, identified in humans between the 2nd and 8th week of pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organ that nourishes the fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An unborn, developing offspring, identified in humans between the ninth week of pregnancy and birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tubular structure formed early in the embryonic stage from which the brain and spinal cord develop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons and glia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glia creates guide wires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creation of new synaptic connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The trimming back of unnecessary synapses according to a &quot;use it or lose it&quot; principle. Connections that get used are maintained and unused connections are eliminated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of insulating axons in myelin, which speeds their conductivity and allows information to move more rapidly through the brain and body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Areas that process sensory information, motor areas, areas for language/spatial ability, and frontal lobes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A developmental disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental agents that can interfere with healthy fetal development. Examples: alcohol, tobacco.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A developmental disorder that affects children exposed to alcohol during prenatal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automatic patterns of motor responses that are triggered by specific types of sensory stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taste/smell/voice, 'face-like' stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of nonassociative learning that involves a decreased response to a repeated stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in the ability to coordinate and perform bodily movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motor skills tend to emerge in sequence from the head to the feet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motor skills emerge from the center of the body outward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concepts or mental models that represent our experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use an existing schema to interpret a new experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Revise schemas to incorporate information from new experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Birth to 2 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The awareness that objects continue to exist even when they are temporarily out of sight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 to 7 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Objects, words, and gestures stand for other things (ex. toy kitchen).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difficulty that preoperational children have with thinking about how objects or situations are perceived by other people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 to 12 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that the physical properties of an object, such as mass, volume, and number, remain constant despite superficial changes in the objects' shape or form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 years and up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strong, enduring, emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mechanism for establishing attachment early in life that operates according to a relatively simple rule of attaching to the first moving object an organism sees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observations of monkeys deprived of all early social interactions and resultant behavior supported the view that social and emotional development is rooted in early social interactions with adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children become attached to a caregiver who provides a secure base, a place in which the child feels safe and protected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distressed by parent leaving but easily comforted by return, secure base ~66% of American middle-class children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insecure - not distressed by parent leaving &amp; avoid contact upon return ~20%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental responsiveness (intervention study).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stable individual differences in quality and intensity of emotional reaction, activity level, attention, and emotional regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irritable infants have a higher likelihood of insecure attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By age 5, children understand that we and other people have minds, that these minds represent the world in different ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social interaction with knowledgeable others is key to development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actively challenging and supporting children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Child-driven, rarely gives or enforces rules, overindulges child to avoid conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solves problems together with the child, sets clear rules and expectations, open communication and natural consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uninvolved or absent, provides little nurturance or guidance, indifferent to child's social-emotional and behavioral needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bodily changes associated with sexual maturity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how the immediate social context as well as broader cultural environments influence people's thoughts, feelings, and actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of explaining our own and/or others' behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to assume that people's actions are more the result of their internal dispositions than of the situational context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The attributions people make for their own behaviors or outcomes: we tend to make dispositional attributions for positive events but situational attributions for negative events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orientation toward some target stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An automatically activated evaluation of a stimulus ranging from positive to negative (learned from repeated exposure).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dual-processing theory of persuasion contending that attitudes can change by two different routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focuses on the strength of the argument, relies on more thoughtful, reflective processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitive to more superficial cues, more slapdash and impressionable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foot-in-the-door technique &amp; door-in-the-face technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small request followed by a larger request.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A large request followed by a smaller request.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unpleasant state when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When behavior cannot be explained by the situation alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patterns of behavior, traditions, beliefs, and preferences that are reinforced by others and influence behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which people implicitly mimic, adopt, or internalize the behaviors and preferences of those around them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure to conform to others' actions or beliefs based on a desire to behave correctly or gain an accurate understanding of the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure to conform to others' actions or beliefs in order to gain approval from others or avoid social sanctions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An enhancement of the dominant behavioral response when performing a task in the mere presence of others; easy or well-learned tasks are performed better, but difficult or novel tasks are performed worse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency for individuals to expend less effort on a task when they are doing it with others rather than alone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tendency for people's attitudes to become more extreme after they discuss an issue with like-minded others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of biased group decision making whereby pressure to achieve consensus leads members of the group to avoid voicing unpopular suggestions.</p> Signup and view all the answers