Developmental Psychology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary outcome of the first stage, Trust vs. Mistrust?

  • Development of shame
  • Sense of autonomy
  • Sense of doubt
  • Basic sense of trust (correct)

    • Failure to resolve the conflict at any stage does not affect normal development.

    False (B)

    What can lead to a sense of mistrust in infants?

    Unresponsive or unpredictable caregiving

    The second stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory is called __________ vs. __________.

    <p>Autonomy, Shame/Doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each psychosocial stage with its corresponding age and crisis:

    <p>Trust vs. Mistrust = Birth to 18 months - Crisis: Basic trust or mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt = 18 months to 3 years - Crisis: Autonomy or shame/doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant issue that must be resolved in Erikson's theory?

    <p>Crisis resolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sensitive caregiving is essential for infants to develop trust.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a lack of responsive caregiving during infancy lead to?

    <p>Lifelong problems related to mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of babies being shaken aggressively?

    <p>Learning disabilities and severe brain injuries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children raised in orphanages are guaranteed to develop secure emotional attachments.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What extreme effects did Harlow's monkeys experience due to isolation?

    <p>Lifelong scars and difficulties in socialization and parenting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to integrating a new experience into an existing schema?

    <p>Assimilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The typical cause of Shaken Baby Syndrome is a caregiver who becomes _____ due to relentless crying.

    <p>frustrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following outcomes with their respective causes:

    <p>Learning disabilities = Shaken Baby Syndrome Aggression = Isolation in child development Abandonment = Overcrowded orphanages Withdrawal = Extreme neglect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Accommodation involves modifying an existing schema to fit a new experience.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Shaken Baby Syndrome?

    <p>Increased activity level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a child's understanding that objects continue to exist even when not seen?

    <p>Object Permanence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical change is associated with rising testosterone levels in boys during puberty?

    <p>Development of external genitals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most children growing up under adversity lack resilience.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is called the ______ stage.

    <p>Sensorimotor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Schema = An organized system of understanding the world Assimilation = Integrating new experiences into an existing schema Accommodation = Modifying a schema to include new information Object Permanence = Understanding that objects exist even when not perceived</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the social impact of Romania's policies on families in the past?

    <p>Increased abandonment of children leading to overcrowded orphanages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Puberty tends to start at an older average age been 19th and 21st centuries.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon explains why toddlers are surprised in a game of Peek-a-Boo?

    <p>They don’t understand object permanence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is primarily responsible for female pubertal development?

    <p>Estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The male primary sex characteristic is the ______.

    <p>testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children develop cognitive schemas at the same rate regardless of their experiences.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change is observed in girls due to rising levels of estradiol?

    <p>Breast development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sensorimotor stage, children primarily learn through what two activities?

    <p>Sensing and acting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Primary Sex Characteristics = Body structures specific to sex Secondary Sex Characteristics = Non-reproductive physical features distinguishing genders Early Maturation = Perceived positively in peer relations Late Maturation = Stronger identity development in adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Late-maturing boys generally tend to have better outcomes socially than early-maturing boys during adolescence.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one factor that has contributed to the decreasing age of puberty onset over time.

    <p>Better nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one aspect of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent's sense of personal uniqueness and invulnerability?

    <p>Personal fable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The imaginary audience refers to the belief that others are as aware of an adolescent's flaws as they are.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What universal concern did adolescents commonly reflect on during this developmental stage?

    <p>Identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adolescents often create narratives filled with fantasy, which can be seen in their _____ .

    <p>diaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following adolescent concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Imaginary audience = The belief that one is always being observed by others Personal fable = The belief in one's uniqueness and invulnerability Identity crisis = The struggle to define oneself Attention-getting behavior = Actions intended to attract others' notice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the vestibular system in infants?

    <p>Registers motion and maintains balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Moro reflex usually disappears by the age of 1 year.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reflex is observed when an infant's foot is stroked from toe to heel?

    <p>Babinski reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ involves an infant grasping a finger pressed against their palm.

    <p>Palmar grasp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the reflex with its description:

    <p>Rooting = Turns head and may start sucking when cheek is touched Sucking = Infant sucks when a finger is placed in mouth Walking = Lifts one foot then the other when placed upright Moro = Arches back and flings arms when startled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is signaled by the infant responding to a loud noise by arching their back?

    <p>Moro reflex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reflexes are learned behaviors that develop over time.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What developmental process is described as being relatively unaffected by experience?

    <p>Maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developmental Psychology

    • Developmental psychology is the scientific study of patterns of change and stability across the lifespan.
    • Psychologists examine growth, maturation, and the processes affecting these.
    • Research explores nature vs. nurture (heredity vs. environment) in shaping behavior.
    • Development can display continuity (gradual change) or discontinuity (sudden change).
    • Key aspects of human development include cognitive, emotional, social and physical changes.

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    Lecture Notes - Developmental Psychology

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of developmental psychology, including growth patterns and the influence of nature versus nurture. This quiz covers the continuity and discontinuity of human development across various domains such as cognitive, emotional, and social changes.

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