Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a dominant gene?
What is a dominant gene?
- A gene that is expressed only in pairs
- A gene that is never expressed
- A gene that can be masked by a recessive gene
- A gene that will always be expressed if present (correct)
Which stage of prenatal development follows the germinal stage?
Which stage of prenatal development follows the germinal stage?
- Blastocyst
- Embryo (correct)
- Fetus
- Zygote
What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?
What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?
- Focusing solely on genetic influence in development
- Analyzing psychological disorders in adulthood
- Studying physical, cognitive, and emotional experiences in childhood only
- Investigating physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span (correct)
At what point does the brain's peak production of neurons occur during prenatal development?
At what point does the brain's peak production of neurons occur during prenatal development?
What is the primary focus of cognitive development in children?
What is the primary focus of cognitive development in children?
What are primary sex characteristics?
What are primary sex characteristics?
What auditory preference do infants demonstrate before 6 months of age?
What auditory preference do infants demonstrate before 6 months of age?
What is a primary characteristic of adolescence?
What is a primary characteristic of adolescence?
Which of the following best describes the continuity vs. stages issue in developmental psychology?
Which of the following best describes the continuity vs. stages issue in developmental psychology?
What plays a significant role in physical and psychological development beginning at conception?
What plays a significant role in physical and psychological development beginning at conception?
During which stage does the developing organism begin to be referred to as a fetus?
During which stage does the developing organism begin to be referred to as a fetus?
What is the role of the placenta during prenatal development?
What is the role of the placenta during prenatal development?
What aspect of nature vs. nurture does developmental psychology study?
What aspect of nature vs. nurture does developmental psychology study?
What significant change occurs in the frontal lobes between the ages of 3 to 6 years?
What significant change occurs in the frontal lobes between the ages of 3 to 6 years?
Which aspect is NOT considered a part of physical development in children?
Which aspect is NOT considered a part of physical development in children?
During which stage of psychosocial development do children typically learn to assert control over their bodies and environment?
During which stage of psychosocial development do children typically learn to assert control over their bodies and environment?
What defines the Concrete Operational Stage in cognitive development?
What defines the Concrete Operational Stage in cognitive development?
What is the peak cognitive development stage according to Jean Piaget?
What is the peak cognitive development stage according to Jean Piaget?
What does the development of motor skills in infants reflect?
What does the development of motor skills in infants reflect?
Which of the following primarily triggers puberty?
Which of the following primarily triggers puberty?
What role do genes play in motor development for children?
What role do genes play in motor development for children?
Which outcome is often associated with early maturation in boys?
Which outcome is often associated with early maturation in boys?
What is a common characteristic of sexual behavior in young and middle adulthood?
What is a common characteristic of sexual behavior in young and middle adulthood?
How do many girls perceive the onset of menarche when they are prepared for it?
How do many girls perceive the onset of menarche when they are prepared for it?
What type of vocabulary includes words that an infant or child can understand but not necessarily speak?
What type of vocabulary includes words that an infant or child can understand but not necessarily speak?
What does Piaget's theory suggest about children's cognitive development?
What does Piaget's theory suggest about children's cognitive development?
At what ages does the Concrete Operational Stage typically occur?
At what ages does the Concrete Operational Stage typically occur?
In young and middle adulthood, what is a common source of fulfillment for most adults?
In young and middle adulthood, what is a common source of fulfillment for most adults?
At what age do infants typically begin cooing, producing vowel sounds?
At what age do infants typically begin cooing, producing vowel sounds?
Which cognitive change is typical in adults as they age?
Which cognitive change is typical in adults as they age?
In the sensorimotor stage, what do babies primarily use to interact with the world?
In the sensorimotor stage, what do babies primarily use to interact with the world?
What is the term used to describe the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived?
What is the term used to describe the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived?
What stage occurs after the sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory?
What stage occurs after the sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory?
Why did Piaget become intrigued by children's wrong answers during intelligence tests?
Why did Piaget become intrigued by children's wrong answers during intelligence tests?
According to Piaget, what characterizes the preoperational stage of cognitive development?
According to Piaget, what characterizes the preoperational stage of cognitive development?
What is the main psychological task of adolescents according to Erikson?
What is the main psychological task of adolescents according to Erikson?
How do personality traits typically change as people grow older?
How do personality traits typically change as people grow older?
What is often a major concern for elderly individuals regarding death?
What is often a major concern for elderly individuals regarding death?
Which of the following best describes the 'integrity vs. despair' stage in elderly psychosocial development?
Which of the following best describes the 'integrity vs. despair' stage in elderly psychosocial development?
Which of the following statements about physical aging is correct?
Which of the following statements about physical aging is correct?
Study Notes
Developmental Psychology
- Examines physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout life.
- Key issues: Nature vs. Nurture, Continuity vs. Stages, Stability vs. Change.
Nature and Nurture
- Explores interaction between genetic inheritance and environmental experiences in development.
Continuity and Stages
- Investigates gradual developmental processes (like riding an escalator) versus abrupt changes (like climbing a ladder).
Stability and Change
- Questions which traits remain constant and how individuals evolve over time.
Genetic Influence
- Dominant genes are always expressed; recessive genes require a pair to manifest.
- Genotype: genetic makeup; Phenotype: visible traits.
Prenatal Development
- Begins with fertilization, forming a zygote that undergoes rapid cell division.
- Stages:
- Zygote: fertilized egg, lasts about 2 weeks.
- Embryo: from 2 weeks to 2 months post-fertilization.
- Fetus: 9 weeks to birth.
Physical and Psychological Development
- These two are interconnected; physical maturity affects cognitive abilities.
- Prenatal environment impacts long-term health and intellectual capacity.
Infancy and Childhood Maturation
- Rapid brain cell formation in utero, peaking at 28 weeks, stabilizing at 23 billion at birth.
- Motor skills develop universally due to a maturing nervous system; genetics play a key role.
Psychosocial Development Stages
- Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 12-18 months)
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (12-18 months to 3 years)
- Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 6 years)
- Industry vs. Inferiority (6 years to puberty).
Language Development
- Infants show preference for human speech and develop cooing (2-4 months) and babbling (4-6 months).
- Vocabulary consists of comprehension (understanding) and production (speaking).
Cognitive Development (Jean Piaget)
- Proposes developmental stages in thinking from reflexive actions to abstract reasoning.
- Sensorimotor Stage: Birth to nearly age 2, learning through senses and actions.
- Object Permanence: Awareness that objects continue to exist without perception.
- Preoperational Stage: Ages 2-7, limited by inability to perform mental operations.
- Concrete Operational Stage: Ages 6-11, able to think logically about concrete events.
Adolescence
- Transition from childhood to adulthood, marked by puberty and physical development.
- Primary sex characteristics enable reproduction; secondary characteristics include body changes.
Identity Development
- Identity vs. Identity Confusion (12-20 years): Exploration of personal identity through social roles.
Young and Middle Adulthood
- Adults often establish long-term partnerships; parenting becomes a source of fulfillment.
- Job satisfaction is high among adults, and cognitive abilities become more practical.
Old Age
- Physical deterioration is natural, but a healthy lifestyle can mitigate aging effects.
- Cognitive processing slows, and certain memories become more challenging to retrieve.
- Psychosocial stage of Integrity vs. Despair (50-death), where acceptance of life leads to peace or regret.
Facing the End of Life
- Elderly individuals often fear death less than younger populations but may worry about becoming a burden or facing loneliness.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of developmental psychology in this quiz. Focus on prenatal development, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Understand the influence of nature and nurture on human development across the lifespan.
