Developmental Psychology Lesson 4
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Questions and Answers

What is a dominant gene?

  • A gene that is expressed only in pairs
  • A gene that is never expressed
  • A gene that can be masked by a recessive gene
  • A gene that will always be expressed if present (correct)

    • Which stage of prenatal development follows the germinal stage?

  • Blastocyst
  • Embryo (correct)
  • Fetus
  • Zygote

    • What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?

  • Focusing solely on genetic influence in development
  • Analyzing psychological disorders in adulthood
  • Studying physical, cognitive, and emotional experiences in childhood only
  • Investigating physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span (correct)

    • At what point does the brain's peak production of neurons occur during prenatal development?

    <p>28 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of cognitive development in children?

    <p>Changes in mental abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are primary sex characteristics?

    <p>Body structures involved in sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What auditory preference do infants demonstrate before 6 months of age?

    <p>Preference for human speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of adolescence?

    <p>Transition from childhood to adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the continuity vs. stages issue in developmental psychology?

    <p>The gradual versus abrupt changes in development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a significant role in physical and psychological development beginning at conception?

    <p>Genetic makeup of the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage does the developing organism begin to be referred to as a fetus?

    <p>From 9 weeks to birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the placenta during prenatal development?

    <p>To supply oxygen and nutrients to the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of nature vs. nurture does developmental psychology study?

    <p>The interaction between genetic inheritance and experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurs in the frontal lobes between the ages of 3 to 6 years?

    <p>Rapid growth enabling rational planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT considered a part of physical development in children?

    <p>Changes in personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of psychosocial development do children typically learn to assert control over their bodies and environment?

    <p>Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the Concrete Operational Stage in cognitive development?

    <p>The gain of mental operations for logical thinking about concrete events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak cognitive development stage according to Jean Piaget?

    <p>Formal Operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the development of motor skills in infants reflect?

    <p>Maturing nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following primarily triggers puberty?

    <p>Surge of hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do genes play in motor development for children?

    <p>They guide the timing of physical skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome is often associated with early maturation in boys?

    <p>Higher self-assurance and popularity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of sexual behavior in young and middle adulthood?

    <p>It tends to be mature and often geared towards procreation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do many girls perceive the onset of menarche when they are prepared for it?

    <p>As a positive life transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vocabulary includes words that an infant or child can understand but not necessarily speak?

    <p>Comprehension vocabulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Piaget's theory suggest about children's cognitive development?

    <p>They go through a series of stages with distinctive characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what ages does the Concrete Operational Stage typically occur?

    <p>6 to 11 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In young and middle adulthood, what is a common source of fulfillment for most adults?

    <p>Loving and being loved by their children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically begin cooing, producing vowel sounds?

    <p>2-4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive change is typical in adults as they age?

    <p>Thinking more flexibly and practically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sensorimotor stage, what do babies primarily use to interact with the world?

    <p>Senses and actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived?

    <p>Object permanence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage occurs after the sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory?

    <p>Preoperational stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Piaget become intrigued by children's wrong answers during intelligence tests?

    <p>He saw similar patterns among same-age children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget, what characterizes the preoperational stage of cognitive development?

    <p>Inability to perform mental operations like imagining and reversing actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main psychological task of adolescents according to Erikson?

    <p>To solidify a sense of self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do personality traits typically change as people grow older?

    <p>Older adults develop better coping skills and become less self-centered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often a major concern for elderly individuals regarding death?

    <p>Worrying about becoming a financial burden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the 'integrity vs. despair' stage in elderly psychosocial development?

    <p>Achieving acceptance of one's life and impending death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about physical aging is correct?

    <p>It is an inevitable process that can be slowed by a healthy lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developmental Psychology

    • Examines physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout life.
    • Key issues: Nature vs. Nurture, Continuity vs. Stages, Stability vs. Change.

    Nature and Nurture

    • Explores interaction between genetic inheritance and environmental experiences in development.

    Continuity and Stages

    • Investigates gradual developmental processes (like riding an escalator) versus abrupt changes (like climbing a ladder).

    Stability and Change

    • Questions which traits remain constant and how individuals evolve over time.

    Genetic Influence

    • Dominant genes are always expressed; recessive genes require a pair to manifest.
    • Genotype: genetic makeup; Phenotype: visible traits.

    Prenatal Development

    • Begins with fertilization, forming a zygote that undergoes rapid cell division.
    • Stages:
      • Zygote: fertilized egg, lasts about 2 weeks.
      • Embryo: from 2 weeks to 2 months post-fertilization.
      • Fetus: 9 weeks to birth.

    Physical and Psychological Development

    • These two are interconnected; physical maturity affects cognitive abilities.
    • Prenatal environment impacts long-term health and intellectual capacity.

    Infancy and Childhood Maturation

    • Rapid brain cell formation in utero, peaking at 28 weeks, stabilizing at 23 billion at birth.
    • Motor skills develop universally due to a maturing nervous system; genetics play a key role.

    Psychosocial Development Stages

    • Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 12-18 months)
    • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (12-18 months to 3 years)
    • Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 6 years)
    • Industry vs. Inferiority (6 years to puberty).

    Language Development

    • Infants show preference for human speech and develop cooing (2-4 months) and babbling (4-6 months).
    • Vocabulary consists of comprehension (understanding) and production (speaking).

    Cognitive Development (Jean Piaget)

    • Proposes developmental stages in thinking from reflexive actions to abstract reasoning.
    • Sensorimotor Stage: Birth to nearly age 2, learning through senses and actions.
    • Object Permanence: Awareness that objects continue to exist without perception.
    • Preoperational Stage: Ages 2-7, limited by inability to perform mental operations.
    • Concrete Operational Stage: Ages 6-11, able to think logically about concrete events.

    Adolescence

    • Transition from childhood to adulthood, marked by puberty and physical development.
    • Primary sex characteristics enable reproduction; secondary characteristics include body changes.

    Identity Development

    • Identity vs. Identity Confusion (12-20 years): Exploration of personal identity through social roles.

    Young and Middle Adulthood

    • Adults often establish long-term partnerships; parenting becomes a source of fulfillment.
    • Job satisfaction is high among adults, and cognitive abilities become more practical.

    Old Age

    • Physical deterioration is natural, but a healthy lifestyle can mitigate aging effects.
    • Cognitive processing slows, and certain memories become more challenging to retrieve.
    • Psychosocial stage of Integrity vs. Despair (50-death), where acceptance of life leads to peace or regret.

    Facing the End of Life

    • Elderly individuals often fear death less than younger populations but may worry about becoming a burden or facing loneliness.

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    Developing Life-Span PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of developmental psychology in this quiz. Focus on prenatal development, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Understand the influence of nature and nurture on human development across the lifespan.

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