Developmental Psychology Core Concepts

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Questions and Answers

A child consistently chooses the taller of two glasses, believing it contains more juice even though both glasses hold the same amount. This demonstrates a difficulty with which concept?

  • Attachment
  • Conservation (correct)
  • Object permanence
  • Egocentrism

According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, a 9-year-old who is systematically solving math problems and beginning to understand reversibility is most likely in which stage?

  • Formal operational
  • Sensorimotor
  • Preoperational
  • Concrete operational (correct)

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment is primarily designed to assess what aspect of child development?

  • Moral reasoning
  • Attachment style (correct)
  • Motor skills
  • Cognitive abilities

Which parenting style is characterized by high warmth, clear communication, consistent expectations, and promotes independence while setting reasonable limits?

<p>Authoritative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A young child believes that the moon follows them as they walk or ride in a car. This is an example of:

<p>Egocentrism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A teenager who is actively experimenting with different hobbies, social groups, and personal styles is most likely grappling with which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

<p>Identity vs. Role Confusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An elderly person reflecting on their life with a sense of fulfillment and acceptance, despite past regrets, is best described as resolving which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

<p>Integrity vs. Despair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An infant who consistently searches for a hidden toy demonstrates an understanding of:

<p>Object permanence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome for an individual who struggles to form meaningful and lasting relationships during early adulthood, according to Erikson?

<p>Isolation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of authoritarian parenting?

<p>Strict rules and little warmth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Object permanence

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when not visible.

Lack of conservation

The inability to understand that quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance.

Concrete operational stage

Piaget's stage where children begin to think logically about concrete events but struggle with abstract or hypothetical concepts.

Attachment style

The emotional connection between a child and their primary caregiver(s).

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Mary Ainsworth Strange Situation

A structured observation used to assess attachment styles in infants.

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Authoritative parenting

A parenting style characterized by warmth, clear communication, reasonable expectations, and consistent discipline.

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Egocentrism

The tendency to view the world solely from one's own perspective, without recognizing that others may have different viewpoints.

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Preoperational stage

Piaget's stage where children are egocentric, use symbolic thinking, and lack logical reasoning.

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Integrity vs. Despair

Erikson's stage in late adulthood that involves reflecting on one's life experiences and developing a sense of satisfaction or regret.

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Intimacy vs. Isolation

Erikson's stage in early adulthood that focuses on forming intimate, loving relationships with others.

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Study Notes

  • Developmental psychology explores changes in humans across their lifespan

Core Concepts

  • Object permanence is understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight
  • Conservation is understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance
  • Attachment style refers to the emotional bond between a child and their caregiver
  • Egocentrism is the inability to see a situation from another person's point of view

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

  • Preoperational stage (characterized by egocentrism, animism, and artificialism)
  • Concrete operational stage (typically spans from ages 7-11 and involves learning new skills)

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation

  • The Strange Situation experiment assesses attachment styles between a child and caregiver

Parenting Styles

  • Authoritative parenting involves warmth, communication, and reasonable discipline
  • Authoritative parenting is linked to self-reliance and confidence in children
  • Children with authoritative parents are typically independent and confident
  • Authoritative parenting is defined by balanced rules and warmth
  • Authoritarian parenting is defined by strict rules and little warmth
  • Neglectful parenting is defined by a lack of involvement

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

  • Identity vs. Role Confusion is the primary conflict during the teenage years
  • Intimacy vs. Isolation is the key conflict in early adulthood, involving the formation of deep relationships; failure to develop social relationships leads to isolation
  • Integrity vs. Despair is the focus in late adulthood, involving reflection on one's life

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