Developmental Psychology Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which term describes the biological deterioration of organisms leading to death?

Learning

Aging (correct)

Maturation

Growth

What does the term 'maturation' refer to in the context of development?

The influence of external conditions on an individual

The physical changes from conception to maturity

The biological unfolding based on genetic information (correct)

The permanent change in thoughts and behavior due to experiences

What is the age period associated with infancy according to the developmental stages?

Conception to birth

18 months to 3 years

Birth to about 18 months (correct)

3 years to 6 years

Which process involves changes in relationships, emotions, and personality in a child?

Socioemotional Processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'learning' in the context of development?

The process of gaining knowledge through experience Signup and view all the answers

What major feature is developed during the prenatal stage of development?

Physical development Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the influence of external factors on an individual?

Environment Signup and view all the answers

At what stage is locomotion primarily established in a child's development?

Infancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the age defined by UNICEF as a child, unless specified otherwise by local laws?

Under 18 years Signup and view all the answers

What does the Committee on the Rights of the Child encourage States to do regarding the age of majority?

Revise age of majority below 18 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of developmental milestone?

Financial skills Signup and view all the answers

At approximately what age do children typically learn to recognize and express emotions?

Around 9 months old Signup and view all the answers

How does a child's social circle change as they develop?

It expands as they recognize their individuality Signup and view all the answers

What is one purpose of the activity 'Designing my Life Map' mentioned in the content?

To specify significant events influencing the choice of profession Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of developmental milestones for children?

They can be both physical and emotional Signup and view all the answers

What influences a teacher's life, according to the activity described?

Significant life experiences and support groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cognitive development characteristic of late childhood?

Adult-like cognitive processes except in speed Signup and view all the answers

What significant change marks the transition from adolescence to young adulthood?

Career and family development Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key aspects during the midlife stage?

Empty nest crisis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the assumption of Original Sin by Thomas Hobbes?

Children are inherently selfish and must be controlled Signup and view all the answers

During late life, what is a common experience individuals might face?

Enjoyment of family achievements Signup and view all the answers

What typically concludes the phase of adolescence?

Independence from parents Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental stage follows early childhood?

Late childhood Signup and view all the answers

What is a noted characteristic of young adulthood?

Pursuit of career and family Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'tabula rasa' imply according to John Locke?

Children's development depends on their experiences. Signup and view all the answers

How do continuity theorists view human development?

As a gradual process without sudden changes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines 'nurture'?

Modifications to behavior through environmental influences. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the perspective of discontinuity theorists?

Development happens in clear stages with defined transitions. Signup and view all the answers

According to the discussion on universality and context-specificity, what does 'context-specificity' refer to?

Changes that vary significantly based on individual circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

What notion does the term 'activity and passivity' represent regarding child development?

Children actively shape their own development through exploration. Signup and view all the answers

What legal definition of a child does the World Health Organization provide?

A child is anyone aged 19 years or younger, unless defined otherwise by national law. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect defines whether children are seen as inherently good or bad according to Locke's philosophy?

Their experiences shaping their character. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Important Terms in Development

Growth: The physical changes from conception to maturity.
Aging: The deterioration of an organism, leading to death.
Maturation: Biological unfolding according to genetic inheritance.
Learning: Permanent change in behavior, feelings, or thoughts due to experience.
Environment: All external conditions affecting an individual.

Processes of Development

Biological Processes: Changes in the body.
Cognitive Processes: Changes in thinking, intelligence, and language.
Socioemotional Processes: Changes in relationships, emotions, and personality.

Stages and Periods of Development

Prenatal (Conception to Birth): Physical Development.
Infancy (Birth to 18 Months): Locomotion established; rudimentary language; social attachment.
Early Childhood (18 Months to 6 Years): Language well-established, sex typing; group play.
Late Childhood (6 to 13 years): Cognitive development advances with adult-like processes, except in speed; team play.
Adolescence (13 to 20 years old): Puberty; maturity; highest cognitive level reached; independence from parents; sexual relationships.
Young Adulthood (20 to 45 years): Career and family development.
Midlife (45 to 65 years): Career peaks; self-assessment; "empty nest" crisis; retirement.
Late Life (65 to Death): Enjoy family achievements; dependence; widowhood; health decline.

Basic Issues in Human Development

Assumptions About Human Development:
- Original Sin (Thomas Hobbes): Children are inherently selfish and bad, requiring societal control.
- Inherently Good (Jean-Jacques Rousseau): Children are born good with an innate understanding of right and wrong.
- Tabula Rasa (John Locke): Children are born as blank slates, molded by experience.
Nature and Nurture:
- Nature: Biological forces like heredity and dispositions influence behavior.
- Nurture: Environmental influences like learning, parenting, culture, and societal changes shape behavior.
Activity and Passivity:
- Active: Children actively explore and shape their environment.
- Passive: Children are shaped by forces beyond their control, often environmental or biological.
Continuity and Discontinuity:
- Discontinuity: Development occurs in stages, with sudden, significant changes.
- Continuity: Development occurs gradually and consistently.
Universality and Context-Specificity:
- Universality: Developmental changes are shared by everyone.
- Context-Specificity: Developmental changes are unique to each individual, based on their environment.

Defining a Child

World Health Organization (WHO): A child is a person under 19 years old unless national law defines adulthood earlier.
UNICEF: A child is under 18 years old unless the law of the specific country sets a lower age for adulthood.

Developmental Milestones

Indicate skills children achieve at certain ages.
Include physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and communication skills.
Examples include learning first words around two years old and recognizing emotions by nine months old.

Significance of Developmental Milestones

Reflect expanding awareness and abilities for exploring and interacting with the environment.
Indicate the widening of a child's social circle from limited family connections to friendships and more complex relationships.

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Description

Explore important terms and stages in developmental psychology. This quiz covers various processes of development, including biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes from prenatal stages to late childhood.