Developmental Psychology Chapters 11 & 12

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Questions and Answers

Where does the process of puberty begin in the body?

The gonads

The pituitary gland

The adrenal glands

The hypothalamus (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a physical change occurring during puberty?

Increase in height

Increase in bone strength

Decrease in weight (correct)

Development of secondary sex characteristics

What is a likely reason adolescents may not seek preventive health care?

They have busy schedules

They lack knowledge about health habits

They are often experiencing health issues

They feel they are invincible (correct)

What is the impact of sustained sleep deprivation on cognitive performance in adolescents?

Delayed phase preference in sleep patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to adolescent risk-taking behaviors?

Neurocognitive development Signup and view all the answers

Why is the increase of white matter and decrease of grey matter beneficial in brain development?

It reduces neural clutter and increases efficiency Signup and view all the answers

In what way do hormonal changes during puberty affect sleep patterns?

They cause sleep cycles to be disrupted Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence emotional changes during puberty?

Dietary habits Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why the period of middle childhood is considered the safest period of development?

Low threat from genetic diseases and immunized infectious diseases Signup and view all the answers

During middle childhood, how does brain development progress?

It is slow and steady to provide a balanced growth environment Signup and view all the answers

What was a major misconception in planning elementary school curriculum regarding neurological research?

Misinterpretation of brain development as explosive in early childhood Signup and view all the answers

How do fluid and crystallized intelligence differ?

Fluid intelligence involves basic understanding and skills, while crystallized intelligence is acquired knowledge Signup and view all the answers

How does cultural categorization affect views of others?

Categorization practices differ vastly and influence children's perceptions and learning methods Signup and view all the answers

What is a shared trait observed in cross-cultural categorization practices?

Categorization occurs universally but varies in methods among cultures Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use personal contact in education during middle childhood?

Children learn best through interaction and it influences how they categorize groups Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of gross overgeneralization of critical periods in development?

It can result in a lack of support for children during critical learning phases Signup and view all the answers

How do East Asian educational practices typically differ from those in the United States?

East Asia prioritizes effort, while the US emphasizes innate ability. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Twixters' refer to in contemporary discussions about adolescence?

Young adults caught between childhood and adulthood. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concerns relates to the 'disappearance of childhood'?

Children experiencing adult responsibilities at a younger age. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the resurgence of egocentrism during adolescence?

Focus on identity and external perceptions Signup and view all the answers

According to G. Stanley Hall, what is one of the notable features of adolescence?

Adolescents go through a universal period of storm and stress. Signup and view all the answers

How does adolescent thinking contribute to the feeling of invincibility?

Still-developing prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of intersectionality is significant in understanding adolescence?

It suggests that culture, ethnicity, and gender influence adolescent experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Japanese educational practices?

Utilization of lesson study to improve teaching methods. Signup and view all the answers

What contemporary educational approach is associated with Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory?

Cooperative learning strategies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'imaginary audience' as an effect of adolescent thinking?

Believing everyone is paying attention to them Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the implications of the elongation of adolescence?

Young adults are remaining dependent on their families for a longer period. Signup and view all the answers

Which historical influence contributed to the emergence of youth culture in the early 20th century?

Advancements in technology and media depicting youth lifestyles. Signup and view all the answers

Why might Millennials exhibit a stronger sense of egocentrism compared to previous generations?

Influence of social media Signup and view all the answers

What does 'trying on' different selves during adolescence typically lead to?

Exploration of personal identity Signup and view all the answers

How do history-graded influences specifically affect adolescent thinking?

Through heightened social comparisons and visibility Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant neurocognitive factor affecting adolescent decision-making?

Underdeveloped prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What role does the prefrontal cortex play in adolescent brain development?

It is involved in impulse control and decision-making Signup and view all the answers

How does dopamine influence behavior regarding alcohol consumption?

Dopamine is linked to an increased enjoyment of immediate rewards like alcohol Signup and view all the answers

In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what is the significance of the formal operational stage?

It allows for logical reasoning and abstract thinking Signup and view all the answers

How could the K-13 educational model impact K-12 education?

It adds a year focused on higher education preparation Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy can enhance critical thinking activities in secondary education?

Incorporating debates and open-ended questions Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn about adolescent behavior based on brain development?

Brain development impacts decision-making and impulse control Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential benefit of teaching healthier ways to obtain dopamine?

It helps reduce the incidence of substance abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the growth spurt of grey matter and brain pruning in adolescents?

The timing of growth spurt influences cognitive efficiency later in life Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

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Ch. 11: Middle Childhood (6-11 yrs.) (BIO)

Middle childhood is considered the safest period due to a lower risk of fatal accidents, genetic diseases, and infectious diseases (if immunized).
Brain development during middle childhood is slow and steady, providing a balanced environment for growth.
Research on recess and extracurricular activities in elementary school shows that there were misconceptions in the past about brain development and critical time periods.
Fluid and crystallized intelligence are important. Fluid intelligence is used for problem-solving, while crystallized intelligence involves acquired knowledge.
Playworks (video) discusses soft skills and potential racial disparities .

Ch. 12: Middle Childhood (6-11 yrs.) (COG)

Categorizing people into groups is a cross-cultural human capacity, though categorization methods differ between cultures. Western cultures tend to categorize as a collection of individuals, while eastern cultures view collections as wholes.
Educational practices in East Asian (e.g., China, Japan) and Western (US) schools differ. East Asian approaches emphasize lesson study and collaborative learning, whereas US schools often focus on individual differences and teacher-directed instruction.

Introduction to Adolescence

Two current concerns regarding adolescence are the perceived disappearance of childhood and the elongation of adolescence.
Children are facing more adult-like pressures earlier in life, while also needing longer time before fully independent.
Factors contributing to this include societal shifts in social and biological clocks, career options, and economic conditions (e.g., college education).
The concept of storm and stress in adolescence is debated, with contemporary research suggesting adolescents are often happy and optimistic.
Intersectionality highlights how social factors like culture, ethnicity, and gender influence adolescent experiences.

Brain and Cognitive Development

The process of puberty starts in the brain's hypothalamus; signals are sent to the pituitary gland, then to the adrenal glands and gonads
Hormones play a significant role in emotional changes during puberty.
Adolescent health habits and preventive care are crucial, as adolescents often underappreciate the long-term consequences of their behaviors.
Neurocognitive and sociocultural factors influence adolescent risk-taking.

Brain and Cognitive Development (cont.)

Critical thinking about school start times is important, particularly in light of adolescent sleep patterns and circadian rhythms.
Increased white matter and decreased grey matter contribute to better brain efficiency.
The information about brain development is important for evaluating policies involving the juvenile justice system.

Adolescent Thinking

The relationship between dopamine, alcohol, and immediate rewards impacts adolescent behavior (e.g., seeking immediate rewards by consuming alcohol versus activities like exercise).
Piaget's theory is useful for understanding cognitive development in adolescence.
Egocentrism, a tendency to focus on oneself, can reappear in adolescence as teens focus on fitting in or figuring out their identities.
The importance of exploring identity markers, such as ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation are important for teens understanding who they are.

Adolescent Thinking (cont.)

Adolescents may need more alcohol to achieve the same effect as adults due to changes in dopamine sensitivity.

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Description

Explore key concepts from Chapters 11 and 12 on middle childhood development. This quiz covers brain development, intelligence, and the impact of extracurricular activities. Learn about the psychosocial and cognitive aspects that shape children aged 6-11.