Developmental Psychology Chapter Overview

Reflexes allow infants to respond automatically to external stimuli, ensuring survival and aiding adaptation.

The grasping reflex involves infants instinctively closing their fingers around an object placed in their palm.

Infants begin to practice intentional grasping at around three to four months.

<p>Gross motor skills involve large muscle groups and body movements, while fine motor skills involve smaller muscle groups, such as fingers and hands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reaching enhances depth perception and improves control over body posture and arm and hand movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The startle reflex is when infants extend their arms and legs in response to loud noises or sudden movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Ulnar grasp is a motion where an infant's fingers close against the palm when an object is placed in their hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rooting reflex helps infants locate food by turning their heads toward a touch near their mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the ability to make abstractions and leads to enhanced self-awareness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meta-cognition enables planning and self-regulation of cognitive activities, improving problem-solving skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can overlap; for example, questioning can be both a cognitive strategy for knowledge acquisition and a metacognitive strategy for monitoring comprehension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creativity is the use of imagination to produce something original, and it becomes significant in adolescence as abstract thinking develops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk-taking allows teenagers to explore new ideas and engage in creative pursuits without fear of failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divergent thinking fosters the generation of multiple ideas or solutions, which is essential for true creativity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Puberty is a period of rapid physical growth and psychological changes that lead to sexual maturity, typically starting at age 10-11 for females and 11-12 for males.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creativity during adolescence may manifest in visual arts, music, and abstract thinking, reflecting heightened imaginative capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear of punishment and desire to avoid confrontation lead teens to lie about their mistakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Females usually complete puberty between ages 15-17, while males complete it around 16-17.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abstraction is important because it allows adolescents to think beyond their immediate experiences, leading to innovative and diverse ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones during puberty have organizational and activation roles, priming the body and triggering physical and behavioral changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormonal changes increase aggression and can lead to impulsive and confrontational behavior in teenage boys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary sex characteristics are organs needed for reproduction, while secondary sex characteristics are physical signs like breast development in females and facial hair in males.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adolescents experiment with fashion and hairstyles to express their individuality, often causing conflict with parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 12 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peer pressure can lead adolescents to change their identity and adopt harmful behaviors such as smoking or drinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During puberty, physiological changes occur in height, weight, body composition, and the circulatory and respiratory systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crawling helps develop strength, balance, and a better understanding of spatial concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adolescents with low self-esteem may use substances to feel accepted and 'cool' among their peers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental factors such as diet and exercise can affect the onset and pacing of puberty, in addition to genetic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tummy time helps develop core strength necessary for sitting and crawling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cruising promotes strength, balance, and coordination as infants learn to walk with support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maturation of the adrenal glands and sex glands occurs during a stage known as adrenarche and gonadarche, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adolescents are likely to develop substance use habits if they have family members who model such behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistent care and responsiveness lead to secure attachment with primary caregivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical changes such as the development of breasts and widening of hips in females and the development of facial hair and deeper voices in males signify sexual maturation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teens want to avoid confrontations to maintain trust and fear potential punishments from their parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When adolescents change their clothing styles or hairstyles, it may clash with their parents' views, causing conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most children walk without support at around 13 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infants express distress, contentment, and excitement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rolling over helps build core strength and coordination necessary for later motor skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Academic pressure can cause teenagers to question their abilities, leading to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem when they perceive poor performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teenagers often feel insecure about their physical appearance, which can lead to feelings of inferiority and affect their overall mental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concerns about body image can result in unhealthy dieting practices, including either extreme caloric restriction or excessive junk food consumption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depression can lead to feelings of sadness and hopelessness, reducing a teenager's ability to engage in social interactions and academic activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety can cause excessive worry and fear, leading adolescents to avoid certain situations or become socially withdrawn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term stress can lead to mood swings, irritation, and difficulty with concentration, impacting emotional regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Puberty brings physical changes that spark curiosity about sexual health and relationships, prompting questions and exploration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Premature sexual activity can lead to serious consequences like sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies due to lack of guidance.</p> Signup and view all the answers