Developmental Psychology Chapter 5 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is developmental psychology?

  • Branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span (correct)
  • Branch of psychology focusing on dream analysis
  • Branch of psychology that focuses on mental disorders
  • Branch of psychology that studies animals

    • What is a zygote?

    Fertilized egg

    What is an embryo?

    The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

    What is a fetus?

    <p>The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are teratogens?

    <p>Agents that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) refer to?

    <p>Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is habituation?

    <p>Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is maturation?

    <p>Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a schema?

    <p>A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognition encompass?

    <p>All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is accommodation in the context of cognitive development?

    <p>Adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assimilation?

    <p>Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sensorimotor stage?

    <p>The stage from birth to about 2 years of age during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is object permanence?

    <p>The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preoperational stage?

    <p>The stage from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does conservation mean in developmental psychology?

    <p>The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is egocentrism in the context of a child's development?

    <p>The inability of the preoperational child to take another's point of view.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory of mind?

    <p>People's ideas about their own and others' mental states regarding feelings, perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is autism?

    <p>A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication and social interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concrete operational stage?

    <p>The stage of cognitive development from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formal operational stage?

    <p>The stage of cognitive development normally beginning about age 12 during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stranger anxiety?

    <p>The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attachment?

    <p>An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does critical period refer to?

    <p>An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli produces proper development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is imprinting?

    <p>The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very easily in life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is basic trust according to Erik Erikson?

    <p>A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is self-concept?

    <p>A sense of one's identity and personal worth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is adolescence?

    <p>The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is puberty?

    <p>The period of sexual maturation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developmental Psychology

    • Studies physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout the life span.

    Zygote

    • Fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division during a 2-week period before developing into an embryo.

    Embryo

    • Developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization until the end of the second month.

    Fetus

    • Developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception until birth.

    Teratogens

    • Agents such as chemicals and viruses that can cause harm to the embryo or fetus during prenatal development.

    Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

    • Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children due to heavy drinking by a pregnant woman; severe cases show noticeable facial disproportions.

    Habituation

    • Decreasing responsiveness to repeated stimulation; infants lose interest in familiar visual stimuli over time.

    Maturation

    • Biological growth processes leading to orderly changes in behavior, largely independent of experience.

    Schema

    • Concepts or frameworks that organize and interpret information.

    Cognition

    • Encompasses all mental activities involved in thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

    Accommodation

    • Modifying current understandings (schemas) to integrate new information.

    Assimilation

    • Interpreting new experiences based on existing schemas.

    Sensorimotor Stage

    • Piaget's initial stage of development from birth to about 2 years, characterized by knowledge gained through sensory impressions and motor activities.

    Object Permanence

    • Awareness that objects continue to exist even when not perceived, developing during the sensorimotor stage.

    Preoperational Stage

    • Piaget's stage from about 2 to 6 or 7 years where children use language but do not grasp concrete logic.

    Conservation

    • Understanding that properties like mass and volume remain unchanged despite changes in object forms.

    Egocentrism

    • Inability of preoperational children to perceive situations from others' viewpoints.

    Theory of Mind

    • Ideas about one's own and others' mental states, including feelings, perceptions, and thoughts that predict behavior.

    Autism

    • Childhood disorder characterized by impaired communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' perspectives.

    Concrete Operational Stage

    • Piaget's stage from about 6 or 7 to 11 years, where logical thinking develops concerning concrete events.

    Formal Operational Stage

    • Piaget's stage starting around age 12, where abstract reasoning and logical thinking about concepts emerges.

    Stranger Anxiety

    • Fear of strangers displayed by infants, typically beginning around 8 months of age.

    Attachment

    • Emotional bond with another person; seen in children as they seek closeness to caregivers and show distress upon separation.

    Critical Period

    • Optimal time shortly after birth for exposure to stimuli or experiences necessary for proper development.

    Imprinting

    • Process in which certain animals form strong attachments during a critical early life period.

    Basic Trust

    • According to Erik Erikson, the sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy, formed during infancy through responsive caregiving.

    Self-Concept

    • Awareness of one’s identity and sense of personal worth.

    Adolescence

    • Transition period from childhood to adulthood, marked by puberty and the journey toward independence.

    Puberty

    • Period of sexual maturation where physical and reproductive changes occur.

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    Explore key concepts from Chapter 5 of Developmental Psychology with these flashcards. Learn important terms like zygote and embryo, and understand how humans develop physically, cognitively, and socially throughout their lifespan. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning.

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