Developmental Psychology Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What does the life-span developmental approach emphasize?

  • Ignoring the influence of social policy.
  • Development as a continuous process from conception to death. (correct)
  • Focusing solely on early adulthood.
  • Development only in childhood and adolescence.

    • What are the primary domains of development in human growth?

  • Physical, Cognitive, Psychosocial (correct)
  • Physical, Emotional, Creative
  • Physical, Environmental, Behavioral
  • Cognitive, Social, Educational

    • Which aspect of human development seeks to make informed predictions about individuals?

  • Predict (correct)
  • Control
  • Explain
  • Describe

    • What is meant by 'nature' in the context of development?

    <p>Inborn traits or characteristics inherited biologically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines 'psychosocial development'?

    <p>Development of social relationships and personality changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period of the life span extends from birth to age 3?

    <p>Infancy and Toddlerhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do developmental scientists study?

    <p>How characteristics remain stable throughout life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary focuses of developmental psychology according to the provided content?

    <p>The systematic changes in people throughout their lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the phrase 'womb to tomb' in the context of human development?

    <p>A term denoting the complete human life span from birth to death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do developmentalists view the influences on development?

    <p>As a combination of heredity and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is human development characterized in some societies, as noted in the content?

    <p>There may be no distinct phases like adolescence or middle age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of exploring human development?

    <p>Examine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does imprinting differ from critical and sensitive periods?

    <p>Imprinting is automatic and irreversible during a brief critical period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does addressing individual differences in development primarily explore?

    <p>Variations in gender, height, and intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which life span period includes ages 40 to 65?

    <p>Middle Adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about periods of the life span is true?

    <p>They are influenced by societal and cultural constructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a non-normative influence in development?

    <p>An unusual event that happens to an individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does child rearing play in developmental psychology?

    <p>It influences social, cognitive, and emotional growth in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a critical period in development?

    <p>A specific time when certain events must occur for optimal development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean when development is described as multidimensional?

    <p>It takes into account the physical, cognitive, and social aspects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events is an example of a normative influence?

    <p>Experiencing a major historical event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a sensitive period from a critical period?

    <p>Sensitive periods allow for gradual developments without immediate consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to the concept of lifespan development?

    <p>Development is fixed and unchanging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason we cannot define race using biological differences?

    <p>Because physical appearance does not reveal biological differences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a historical generation?

    <p>It encompasses cohorts who share experiences of major historical events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Ethnic Gloss' refer to?

    <p>An overgeneralization that obscures differences among cultural groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes normative influences?

    <p>Typical events that occur similarly for most people in a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Normative Age-Graded Influences?

    <p>Factors linked to age that affect a majority of people in that age group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'Historical Generation'?

    <p>A group experiencing significant life events during their formative years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about cohort is true?

    <p>Cohorts are groups born at around the same time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do normative history-graded influences affect individuals?

    <p>They shape behavior and attitudes related to specific historical events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of gender, how do gender roles typically impact development?

    <p>They may restrict experiences and opportunities based on societal expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes the changing resource allocations throughout development?

    <p>Developmental Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective emphasizes the role of heredity in maintaining characteristics throughout life?

    <p>Stability Perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central theme in the nature vs. nurture debate in human development?

    <p>The conflict between biological and environmental influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the combination of inherited traits and environmental factors affecting development?

    <p>Nurture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic associated with stability in development?

    <p>Potential for significant change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of historical and cultural context in development?

    <p>It influences developmental outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do developmentalists who favor the change perspective believe?

    <p>Life experiences can lead to significant changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do contemporary theorists approach the nature vs. nurture debate?

    <p>They look for ways in which both nature and nurture interact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Human Development: An Evolving Field

    • Human development is the scientific study of systematic changes and stability in individuals from conception through life.
    • Developmental scientists investigate how people change over time and the characteristics that remain stable.

    Life-Span Developmental Approach

    • Human development is considered a lifelong process, encompassing all stages from conception to death.
    • Development can exhibit both positive and negative changes throughout the life span.

    Goals of Exploring Human Development

    • Describe: Recording a child's vocabulary or first words.
    • Explain: Understanding language acquisition in children and variations in speech development.
    • Predict: Assessing the likelihood of speech problems in children.
    • Control: Implementing early interventions for identified speech delays.

    Basic Concepts in Human Development

    • Domains of Development:
      • Physical: Growth, motor skills, sensory capacities, and overall health.
      • Cognitive: Learning processes, memory, language, reasoning, and creativity.
      • Psychosocial: Changes in emotions, personality, and social relationships.

    Periods of the Life Span

    • Recognizes various life stages as social constructs that differ across cultures, prompting developmentalists to identify basic needs and tasks relevant to each stage:
      • Prenatal: Conception to birth
      • Infancy and Toddlerhood: Birth to age 3
      • Early Childhood: Ages 3 to 6
      • Middle Childhood: Ages 6 to 11
      • Adolescence: Ages 11 to about 20
      • Young/Emerging Adulthood: Ages 20 to 40
      • Middle Adulthood: Ages 40 to 65
      • Late Adulthood: Ages 65 and over

    Influences on Development

    • Individual differences in development stem from varied factors such as gender, health, intelligence, and temperament.
    • Influences categorized as:
      • Heredity (nature): Inherited biological traits.
      • Environment (nurture): External experiential factors affecting development.

    Culture, Race, and Ethnicity

    • Ethnic groups share culture, ancestry, and values, influencing identity and views.
    • Ethnic gloss refers to broad generalizations about groups, which can obscure individuality.

    Gender and Historical Context

    • Gender roles influence development through varying experiences based on gender.
    • Historical context affects individual life courses, emphasizing how socio-temporal factors shape behaviors and values.

    Normative and Non-Normative Influences

    • Normative influences are events that affect groups similarly, divided into:
      • Age-graded influences: Common experiences correlated with age.
      • History-graded influences: Events that shape a generation's attitudes (e.g., wars or pandemics).
    • Non-normative influences involve unusual experiences unique to individuals, such as personal milestones or traumas.

    Timing of Influence

    • Critical periods: Specific times for particular developmental events to occur, often with irreversible consequences.
    • Sensitive periods: Times when development is more receptive to certain experiences but are less rigid than critical periods.

    Developmental Themes

    • Lifelong development, complexity, multidirectional changes in biological and cultural influences.
    • Resource allocation adaptations throughout life.
    • Development's plasticity allows for change; it is shaped by historical and cultural contexts.

    Developmental Issues

    • Nature vs. Nurture: The interaction between genetic inheritance and environmental factors influences development.
    • Stability vs. Change: Stability implies that early traits persist through life, while change suggests growth produces individuals who differ from their earlier selves.

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    Description

    This quiz covers Chapter 1 of Developmental Psychology, focusing on the study of human development. Explore key concepts, influences on development, and the life-span developmental approach. Test your understanding of this evolving field!

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