Developmental Psychology Chapter 1 Review

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes biological processes in development?

Changes in thoughts and intelligence.

Changes within the social relationships of an individual.

Changes in physical nature such as height and weight. (correct)

Changes related solely to aging.

What is the life-span perspective in the context of development?

Development is solely affected by genetic factors.

Development only concerns cognitive and emotional changes.

Development is a fixed process that occurs only during childhood.

Development is a lifelong, multidimensional process involving growth and decline. (correct)

How do cognitive processes affect development?

By determining genetic predispositions.

By solely influencing emotional responses.

By altering thought patterns and language abilities. (correct)

By changing health-related factors.

What is a key characteristic of socioemotional processes?

They involve changes in personality and relationships. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the upper boundary of the human life span?

It is the maximum documented age of 122 years. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'plastic' refer to in the life-span perspective of development?

Development is flexible and can be influenced by experience. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors constructs individual development according to the life-span perspective?

Sociocultural and individual factors combined. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a misconception regarding developmental change?

Development occurs only during specific stages of life. Signup and view all the answers

What does the life-span perspective suggest about development?

Development is multidimensional and lifelong. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the multidimensional aspect of development?

Body, mind, emotions, and relationships are interconnected. Signup and view all the answers

What does plasticity in development refer to?

The capacity for change in response to experiences. Signup and view all the answers

How do cognitive and socioemotional processes relate to each other?

They can both influence and enhance human interactions. Signup and view all the answers

What do the emerging fields of developmental cognitive and social neuroscience primarily study?

Links between development and cognitive/social processes with the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean that development is multidirectional?

Some developmental dimensions can expand while others contract. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the relationship between touching a baby and emotional response?

Physical touch influences emotional bonding and response. Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of life expectancy refer to?

The average number of years a person in a specific year is expected to live. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Thousand Genomes Project?

To determine the genomic sequences of at least 1,000 individuals from diverse ethnic groups Signup and view all the answers

In mitosis, what is produced as a result of the cell division?

Two new cells with identical DNA to the parent cell Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the fusion of an egg and a sperm?

Fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What defines a zygote in the context of reproduction?

A single cell formed through fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What outcome results when a single zygote splits during development?

Development of monozygotic twins Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes meiosis?

It leads to the formation of gametes with half the chromosome number Signup and view all the answers

How do identical twins develop?

By the division of a single fertilized egg into two Signup and view all the answers

Which stage occurs directly before fertilization in the reproductive process?

Gamete production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of psychoanalytic theories in development?

Unconscious processes and emotions Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT part of the scientific method as described?

Conduct experiments Signup and view all the answers

What developmental task do individuals face during early adulthood according to Erikson?

Forming intimate relationships Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of behavioral and social cognitive theories regarding development?

Development emphasizes gradual changes over time. Signup and view all the answers

What results from a life review in the stage of integrity versus despair?

A sense of fulfillment or despair Signup and view all the answers

How does Skinner's operant conditioning theory explain behavior modification?

Through rewards and punishments impacting behavior probability. Signup and view all the answers

What does generativity in middle adulthood primarily concern?

Helping the younger generation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the eclectic theoretical orientation?

It combines elements from multiple theories to form a comprehensive perspective. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of behavior development according to the provided information?

Behavioral changes are shaped by rewards and punishments Signup and view all the answers

What role does natural selection play in evolutionary psychology?

It exemplifies that only favorable traits are passed down, influencing behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of the developmental task in adolescence according to the provided theories?

Finding personal identity Signup and view all the answers

What does the inability to help the next generation represent in Erikson's theory of development?

Experiencing stagnation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding chromosomes?

Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary argument of behaviorism in developmental psychology?

Only observable behaviors can be empirically studied. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of adaptive behavior, what is a key component of the evolutionary perspective?

Adaptation enhances chances of survival and reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of knowledge acquisition do the behavioral and social cognitive theories emphasize?

Knowledge is acquired through imitation and observation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Nature of Development

Development is a lifelong pattern of change that begins at conception, including both growth and decline due to aging.
Life-span perspective emphasizes that development is continuous, multidimensional, and influenced by biological, sociocultural, and individual factors.
Upper boundary of human life span is 122 years, based on historical documentation.
Life expectancy indicates the average number of years a person born in a particular year can expect to live.

Components of Life-Span Perspective

Development is lifelong; no specific age period dominates.
Development is multidimensional, with physical, cognitive, emotional, and relational changes affecting each other.
Development is multidirectional; some dimensions may expand while others shrink throughout life.
Development is plastic, allowing for changes and adaptability in response to experiences.

Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes

Biological processes involve changes in physical nature, including genetic inheritance, motor skills development, and hormonal changes.
Cognitive processes relate to changes in thought, intelligence, and language.
Socioemotional processes include changes in relationships, emotions, and personality development.

Emerging Fields

Developmental cognitive neuroscience connects cognitive processes with brain development.
Developmental social neuroscience links socioemotional processes and development with brain activity.

Genetic Foundations

Mitosis is cellular reproduction creating two identical cells, while meiosis forms gametes (eggs and sperm).
Fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm combine to form a zygote, which is the foundational single cell in development.
Identical twins arise from a single zygote that splits, creating genetically identical individuals.

Theories of Development

The scientific method involves conceptualizing a problem, collecting data, drawing conclusions, and revising theories.
Theories explain behavior and facilitate predictions; they can be interrelated and coherent.
Hypotheses are testable predictions that inform research.

Psychoanalytic and Behavioral Theories

Psychoanalytic theories view development as largely unconscious and influenced by emotion, emphasizing early parent-child interactions.
Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior, asserting that development results from reinforcement and punishment.
Skinner's operant conditioning demonstrates how behavior's consequences influence its future occurrence.

Eclectic Theoretical Orientation

This approach synthesizes various theories, selecting the most effective components from multiple perspectives for understanding development.

Evolutionary Perspective

Natural selection is the process by which individuals better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.
Evolutionary psychology focuses on adaptation and survival traits shaping human behavior.

Genetic Foundations of Development

Chromosomes contain genetic material, organized in 23 pairs received from both parents, serving as the basis for genetic inheritance and diversity.

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Description

This quiz covers the key concepts from Chapter 1 of the Developmental Psychology book, focusing on the nature of development. It explores the life-span perspective and outlines biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes involved in development. Test your understanding of these foundational concepts in developmental psychology.