Developmental Goals and Conflicting Aspirations

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most likely developmental goal for a landless rural laborer?

  • Ensuring their children settle abroad.
  • Owning more land to increase agricultural output.
  • Achieving higher support prices for crops they don't grow.
  • More days of work with better wages and quality education for their children. (correct)

A prosperous farmer from Punjab and a landless rural laborer are likely to have identical developmental goals.

False (B)

What is a common aspiration that most individuals share with respect to 'development'?

fulfilling their desires

People seek things that are most important to them, that which can fulfil their _________ or desires.

<p>aspirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might different people have different notions of development or progress?

<p>People come from varied backgrounds and have diverse aspirations and needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a developmental goal for a girl from a rich urban family?

<p>Having the same level of freedom as her brother and the ability to choose her own path. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates conflicting developmental goals?

<p>A company wanting to build a dam that displaces a local community. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An urban unemployed youth and a rural woman from a land-owning family are likely to have identical developmental goals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the immediate health consequences experienced by the residents of Abidjan after exposure to the toxic waste?

<p>Nausea, skin rashes, fainting, and diarrhea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The multinational company responsible for generating the toxic waste took full accountability and provided immediate compensation to all affected residents in Abidjan.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beyond immediate health concerns, what are some potential long-term impacts of toxic waste exposure on the environment and local economy of Abidjan?

<p>Long-term impacts could include soil and water contamination, reduced agricultural productivity, loss of biodiversity, and decreased tourism, affecting the local economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The incident in Abidjan highlights the critical need for stronger international regulations and ______ when dealing with hazardous waste disposal to prevent harm to vulnerable populations.

<p>oversight</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following developmental goals would be most relevant for a country facing environmental pollution from industrial waste?

<p>Investing in renewable energy sources and sustainable waste management practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Development goals are universally agreed upon, with little to no variation in priorities among different communities or countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates that developmental goals extend beyond just income?

<p>Selecting a lower-paying job that offers regular employment and time for family, over a high-paying but insecure job. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principles of development, measurable aspects are the only factors that are important.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way communities can participate in shaping their local development goals and ensuring they reflect their needs and values?

<p>Communities can participate in public forums, surveys, and local government meetings to voice their opinions and contribute to the planning process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following potential impacts with the corresponding stakeholders affected by the toxic waste incident in Abidjan:

<p>Public Health Crisis = Residents of Abidjan Legal and Financial Repercussions = Multinational Company Strained International Relations = Government of Ivory Coast Environmental Damage = Local Ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does increased respect for women in a community potentially lead to greater economic opportunities for them?

<p>When women are respected, there is increased sharing of housework creating more free time for women to take jobs outside the house. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beyond monetary benefits, an individual might consider the ________ ________ and opportunities to learn when evaluating a job offer.

<p>working atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following job characteristics with their potential impact on an individual's sense of well-being:

<p>High Pay = Can improve financial security but may not guarantee overall well-being. Regular Employment = Enhances sense of security and stability. Time for Family = Increases personal satisfaction and strengthens relationships. Job Security = Reduces stress and provides a sense of stability regarding future employment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might two individuals have different developmental goals?

<p>Because their life situations and circumstances differ. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If women are engaged in any type of paid work, their dignity in the household and society neither increases nor decreases.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how a safe and secure environment can positively influence women's participation in various jobs or running a business.

<p>A sense of security allows more women to confidently pursue a variety of jobs or start and manage a business without fear of safety risks or discrimination, promoting their economic independence and contribution to the workforce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary criterion used to classify countries as high-income versus low-income?

<p>Per capita income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided information, India is categorized as a high-income country.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What per capita income (in US dollars) is the threshold for a country to be considered a high-income country, according to the information?

<p>49300</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a limitation of using average income to compare countries?

<p>It hides income disparities within the country. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Countries with a per capita income of US$2500 or less are classified as ______ income countries.

<p>low</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a person prefer to live in a country with more equitable income distribution, even if the average income is the same as another country?

<p>Because there are fewer extremely poor people. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All rich countries are considered developed countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the country to their income level, based on the information provided:

<p>High-income country = Has a per capita income of US$ 49,300 per annum or above in 2019. Low-income country = Has a per capita income of US$ 2500 or less. India = Is classified as a low middle-income country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided data, which state has the lowest Infant Mortality Rate?

<p>Kerala (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Haryana has a higher literacy rate than Kerala, according to the provided data.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Net Attendance Ratio measure?

<p>The total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the table, approximately ______ of children aged 14-15 in Bihar are not attending school beyond Class 8.

<p>half</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the state with the corresponding approximate percentage of children aged 14-15 attending secondary school:

<p>Haryana = 61% Kerala = 83% Bihar = 43%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does the provided data directly measure?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the data, which of the following statements represents a valid inference regarding the relationship between literacy rate and infant mortality rate?

<p>Higher literacy rates are consistently associated with lower infant mortality rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only economic factors influence a state's development, according to the data.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions are most prone to groundwater overuse, according to the text?

<p>Agriculturally prosperous regions of Punjab and Western U.P. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information, non-renewable resources can be replenished over time through natural processes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a renewable resource that can be overused if the rate of consumption exceeds its replenishment rate.

<p>groundwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the current rate of resource consumption continues, it is projected that in 25 years, a specific percentage of the country will face the same issue of resource depletion. What is this percentage?

<p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the resource type with its characteristic:

<p>Renewable Resources = Replenished by nature Non-renewable Resources = Exhausted after use Groundwater = Can be overused Crude Oil = Non-renewable resource</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if we extract more groundwater than is replenished by rain?

<p>We are overusing the groundwater resource. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The discovery of new sources of non-renewable resources ensures that these resources will never be exhausted.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides agriculture, name another sector mentioned in the text where groundwater overuse is significant.

<p>rapidly growing urban settlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Narmada River

A major river in India that flows westward.

Development Goals

Objectives that individuals or societies strive for to improve quality of life.

Importance of Women's Work

Engaging women in paid work enhances their dignity and societal respect.

Job Security vs Pay

Choosing a job involves weighing security against salary and life balance.

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Differences in Development Notions

People have varying ideas about development based on personal experiences.

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Factors in Job Acceptance

Before accepting a job, consider location, family needs, and work environment.

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Safe Work Environment

A secure job atmosphere encourages more women to work and be independent.

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Measure of Development

Measures of development can include income but also security, dignity, and opportunities.

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Toxic Waste

Hazardous materials that can harm people and the environment.

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Ivory Coast

A country in West Africa affected by toxic waste dumping.

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Health Crisis

A situation causing widespread health issues in a population.

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Multinational Companies

Corporations that operate in multiple countries.

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Community Engagement

Involvement of local residents in decision-making and development activities.

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Controversies in Development

Disagreements about the best approaches to achieve development.

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Local Development

Efforts aimed at improving the quality of life in a specific area, like a village or town.

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Landless Rural Labourers

Individuals without land who seek better work conditions and education for their children.

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Prosperous Farmers

Wealthy farmers who aim for higher crop prices and opportunities for their children.

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Urban Unemployed Youth

Young individuals in cities looking for job opportunities and better futures.

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Rural Women's Aspirations

Desires of women in rural settings for freedom and education.

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Rich Urban Families

Affluent city dwellers who have access to opportunities abroad and quality education.

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Different Notions of Development

Various interpretations of what progress means based on individual circumstances.

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Social Discrimination Impact

The effect of social biases on the aspirations of marginalized groups.

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High Income Countries

Countries with a per capita income above US$ 49,300 annually.

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Low Income Countries

Countries with a per capita income of US$ 2,500 or less annually.

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Low Middle Income Countries

Countries with a per capita income between US$ 2,501 and US$ 6,999.

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Average Income

A metric used for comparison that can mask income disparities.

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Equitable Distribution

Distribution of income where wealth is shared more evenly among citizens.

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Economic Development

The progress of an economy, often measured by income levels.

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Income Disparities

Variations in income levels among individuals or countries.

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Comparison of Countries

Evaluating countries based on attributes like income and distribution.

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Groundwater Overuse

Excessive extraction of groundwater faster than it can be replenished.

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Renewable Resources

Resources that can be replenished naturally, like groundwater and crops.

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Non-renewable Resources

Resources that cannot be replenished within a human timeframe, like crude oil.

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Exhaustion of Resources

Complete depletion of a resource due to overuse.

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Fixed Stock

A limited amount of a resource available on Earth.

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Replenishment

The process of natural resources being restored or renewed.

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Impact of Urbanization

Increased groundwater use in rapidly growing urban settlements.

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Agricultural Regions

Areas where farming is a significant activity, impacting resource use.

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Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of infant deaths before one year per 1,000 live births.

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Literacy Rate

The percentage of literate individuals aged 7 and above in a population.

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Net Attendance Ratio

The percentage of children aged 14 and 15 attending school.

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Comparative Data

Data that compares various metrics across different states.

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Bihar IMR

In Bihar, the infant mortality rate is 32 deaths per 1,000 live births.

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Haryana Literacy

The literacy rate in Haryana stands at 82%.

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Kerala Education

Kerala has a Net Attendance Ratio of 83% for 14-15-year-olds.

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Bihar Education Challenge

In Bihar, nearly half of children aged 14-15 are not attending school.

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Study Notes

Development

  • Development has many aspects.
  • Students need to understand different perspectives on development.
  • There are common indicators for development.
  • Terms like Per Capita Income, Literacy Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, Attendance Ratio, Life Expectancy, and Gross Enrolment Ratio and Human Development Index are used.
  • These terms require clarification.
  • Purchasing Power Parity is used to calculate Gross National Income per capita.
  • Data for development is taken from reports published by the Government of India, the United Nations Development Programme, and the World Bank.
  • Many of these reports are published yearly.

Developmental Goals

  • The concept of development includes aspirations and desires about how people want to live.
  • Essential things required for a good life include work, wages, and prices of crops.
  • Many people also desire equal treatment and recognition by others.
  • Development involves the way people live together and working towards achieving goals.
  • Development is impacted by past conditions.

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