24 Questions
What is the process by which one group of cells determines the development of neighboring cells?
Induction
What is the region in the early amphibian gastrula that induces a new main body axis?
The Organizer Region
What is the process by which tissues or organs take shape?
Morphogenesis
What is the process of cell specialization that leads to different cell types?
Cell Differentiation
What is the primary mechanism by which cytoplasmic determinants distribute unequally?
Mosaic mechanism
What is the term for the interaction between cells that determines the development of neighboring cells?
Cell-cell Interaction
What is the term for the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function?
Cell Differentiation
What is the term for the study of the development of living organisms?
Developmental Biology
What is the main process involved in defining the body axis of animals?
Pattern formation
Which of the following is NOT a major developmental process?
Cell migration
What is the process by which mesoderm and endoderm move inside and the gut forms during embryonic development?
Gastrulation
What is the term for the process by which cells become structurally and functionally different from each other?
Cell differentiation
What is the result of changing patterns of gene activity during early development?
Pattern formation
What is the main process involved in the emergence of pattern and form in embryonic development?
Pattern formation
Which of the following is an example of a process that involves the elimination of cells during embryonic development?
Apoptosis
What is the term for the process by which cells move from one location to another during embryonic development?
Cell migration
What is the primary function of pattern formation during embryonic development?
The specification of cell fate and tissue organization
What is the process by which cells change their shape and position to form tissues and organs?
Morphogenesis
What is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions?
Cell differentiation
What is the term for the movement of cells from one location to another during embryonic development?
Cell migration
What is the process by which one group of cells influences the development of another group of cells?
Induction
What is the term for the region of the embryo that induces the formation of other tissues and organs?
Organizer region
What is the term for the process by which the three primary germ layers are formed?
Gastrulation
What is the stage of embryonic development at which the fertilized egg consists of cells surrounding a cavity?
Blastula
Study Notes
Developmental Biology
- Developmental biology emerged from the coming together of genetics and embryology.
Cell Theory and Embryonic Development
- The distinction between germ cells and somatic cells is crucial in understanding embryonic development.
- Zygote: carries a nucleus with contributions from both parents.
- Meiosis and mitosis are forms of cell division, with meiosis resulting in haploid cells and mitosis resulting in diploid cells.
Germ Layers and Organogenesis
- Three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
- Somites: segments of mesoderm that develop into muscle and vertebral column.
- Neurulation and organogenesis are crucial stages in embryonic development.
Developmental Processes
- Pattern formation: defining body plan and axis (antero-posterior, dorso-ventral, left-right).
- Morphogenesis: transformation of shape and form, involving cell migration and apoptosis.
- Cell differentiation: formation of distinct cell types.
- Growth: increase in size and shape.
Models and Techniques
- Xenopus laevis and other model organisms are used to study developmental biology.
- Spemann organizer: a group of cells that induce the development of neighboring cells.
- Induction: the process by which one group of cells determines the development of neighboring cells.
Genetic Control of Development
- Development involves the emergence of pattern, change in form, cell differentiation, and growth.
- Changing patterns of gene activity during early development are essential for pattern formation.
- Gene regulation and cell behavior are crucial for proper development.
History of Developmental Biology
- Malpighi's description of the chick embryo contributed to our understanding of embryonic development.
- The cell theory changed how people thought about embryonic development and heredity.
Explore the concepts of developmental biology, including the formation of internal organs from mesoderm and endoderm, somites, and neurulation. Learn about the origins of developmental biology and the contributions of Malpighi.
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