Development Psychology: Sensorimotor Stages

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Questions and Answers

What is the ability to maintain consistent behavioral response during continuous and repetitive activities called?

Sustained attention (correct)

Selective attention

Alternating attention

Divided attention

Which type of play involves children engaging in separate activities while exchanging toys and commenting on each other's behavior?

Constructive play

Cooperative play

Functional play

Associative play (correct)

What does divided attention refer to?

Responding simultaneously to multiple task demands (correct)

Attending to the same object as another person

Maintaining behavior in face of distractions

Shifting focus between tasks

What type of memory allows storage for an unlimited period of time?

Long term memory Signup and view all the answers

Which type of play is characterized by creating or constructing something, especially common between ages 3-6?

Constructive play Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes implicit memory?

Memory that influences behavior without conscious awareness Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a child to engage in the zone of proximal development?

Tasks requiring help from a more skilled partner Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory is primarily associated with retrieving past personal life experiences?

Episodic memory Signup and view all the answers

What happens to information in short term memory if it is not concentrated on?

It is lost within 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

In-group favoritism in children generally leads to which of the following?

Negative attitudes toward ethnic minorities Signup and view all the answers

What is working memory particularly known for?

Holding small bits of recently learned information Signup and view all the answers

Which attentional capacity allows an individual to shift focus and move between tasks?

Alternating attention Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of memory does recall memory emphasize?

Generating a mental image of missing stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which type of play is particularly associated with simple and repetitive motor movements during the first 2 years?

Functional play Signup and view all the answers

At what age are children best able to filter out irrelevant stimuli?

Ages 6-10 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of attention allows someone to respond to specific auditory stimuli?

Focus attention Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of secondary circular reactions in infants aged 4 to 8 months?

Repeating interesting effects in the surrounding world Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes experience-expectant brain growth?

Requires ordinary experiences like interaction and exploration Signup and view all the answers

At what age range does mental representation emerge according to sensorimotor stages?

18 months to 2 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes object permanence?

Awareness that objects exist even when they cannot be sensed Signup and view all the answers

Which stage involves an infant demonstrating intentional goal-directed behavior?

Coordination of secondary circular reactions Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the mental system for information processing?

Sensory register, short-term memory store, long-term memory store Signup and view all the answers

Which gross motor skill usually develops last among the options listed?

Skip Signup and view all the answers

What role does the central executive play in cognitive processes?

Directs the flow of information and complex thinking Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sensorimotor Stages

Reflexive schemes: Birth to 1 month. Infants exhibit reflexes.
Primary circular reactions: 1-4 months. Infants repeat simple motor actions centered on their own bodies.
Secondary circular reactions: 4-8 months. Infants repeat actions that affect the environment.
Coordination of secondary circular reactions: 8-12 months. Intentional goal-directed behaviors emerge.
Tertiary circular reactions: 12-18 months. Exploration of object properties through experimentation.
Mental representation: 18-24 months. Internal depictions of objects and events; problem-solving.

Brain Growth

Experience-expectant brain growth: Early brain development dependent on ordinary experiences.
- Exploration, interaction with people, and exposure to language are crucial.
Experience-dependent brain growth: Lifelong growth and refinement of existing brain structures due to specific learning experiences.
- Experiences like reading, playing, or practicing music influence brain development.

Cognitive Principles and Theories

Object permanence: Awareness that objects continue to exist even when out of sight.
Central executive/executive functioning: Directs information flow and enables complex thinking.
Information processing: Three-part mental system for processing information:
- Sensory register: Initial information processing.
- Short-term memory: Briefly holds information.
- Long-term memory: Permanent storage.

Sensory Registry

Sensory information (sights and sounds) is initially represented and briefly stored.
Enhanced attention leads to better transfer to short-term memory.

Memory

Short-term memory: Information from sensory memory enters conscious processing.

Attention

Focus attention: Responding to specific stimuli (visual, auditory, or tactile).
Sustained attention: Maintaining consistent responses during continuous activities.
Selective attention: Focusing on stimuli while ignoring distractions.
Alternating attention: Switching between tasks.
Divided attention: Performing multiple tasks simultaneously.
Joint attention: Sharing attention with another person on a common object or event.

Levels of Play

Parallel play: Children play near each other but do not interact.
Associative play: Children engage in separate activities but share toys and materials.
Cooperative play: Children work together toward common goals.
Functional play: Simple, repetitive movements with or without objects, common in toddlers.
Constructive play: Creating or constructing objects, common in preschoolers.
Make-believe play: Acting out roles or situations, common in pre-school age children.

In-group favoritism: Children show preference for their own group.
Out-group prejudice: Negative attitudes towards groups other than their own, can develop early.

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Description

Explore the key stages of sensorimotor development as described by Piaget, from reflexive schemes to mental representation. Understand how brain growth is influenced by both expected experiences and specific learning moments throughout life.