32 Questions
Which embryonic stage is limited to the embryonic stage of fish and amphibians?
Pronephros
Which stage exhibits increasing complexity and refinement in their components and functions?
Metanephros
Which structure forms a urogenital ridge consisting of a laterally-positioned nephrogenic cord and a medially-positioned gonadal ridge?
Intermediate mesoderm
Which generation of kidneys develops chronologically in a cranial-caudal sequence from the bilateral nephrogenic cord?
Metanephros
What is the main function of metanephric tubules in the developing kidney?
Differentiation into nephrons
Which congenital disorder causes structural abnormalities and multiple cysts within the kidneys?
Polycystic kidney disease
What does the urogenital sinus become during development?
Urinary bladder and urethra
What is an ectopic ureter?
Anomaly in which the ureter opens into the urethra or vagina instead of the bladder
During development, what do the ureter and mesonephric ducts (Wolfian ducts) do?
Separate
What is the gender-specific development feature of the urethra?
Development of penile urethra in males
What is the precursor to the adult kidney in most fish and amphibians?
Mesonephros
In which phase do nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys, develop?
Metanephros
What are glomeruli in the context of kidney function?
Plasma filtration network
Which structure receives the plasma filtrate and reabsorbs desirable constituents in the kidney?
Nephric tubules
What is the main function of the pronephros in most species?
Degenerates quickly
In what species does the pronephros connect to the mesonephric duct?
Sheep
What is the functional adult kidney in most fish and amphibians?
Mesonephros
What replaces the mesonephros in reptiles, birds, and mammals?
Metanephros
Where does the metanephros originate from?
Ureteric bud and metanephric blastema
What is hydronephrosis characterized by?
Dilation of collecting system
What is the condition characterized by distension and dilation of the collecting system due to a blockage in urine flow?
Hydronephrosis
What is the origin of nephrons in the metanephros?
Ureteric bud and metanephric blastema
During kidney development, which structure forms a urogenital ridge consisting of a laterally-positioned nephrogenic cord and a medially-positioned gonadal ridge?
Intermediate mesoderm
Which of the following is true about the pronephros during kidney development?
It is limited to the embryonic stage of fish and amphibians
Where does the metanephros originate from during kidney development?
Intermediate mesoderm
What is the precursor to the adult kidney in most fish and amphibians?
Mesonephros
Which embryonic stage exhibits increasing complexity and refinement in their components and functions?
Metanephros
What is hydronephrosis characterized by?
Distension and dilation of the collecting system due to urine blockage
During development, what does the urogenital sinus eventually become?
Urinary bladder and urethra
What is the congenital anomaly in which the ureter opens into the urethra or vagina instead of the bladder?
Ectopic ureter
Which structure differentiates into functional units called nephrons, with a glomerular capsule and glomerulus forming the renal corpuscle?
Metanephric tubules
What is the specific gender-specific development feature of the urethra in males?
Penile urethra
Study Notes
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Metanephric mesoderm forms cellular aggregates adjacent to collecting tubules, which go through stages of development: spherical masses, hollow vesicles, and elongating S-shaped metanephric tubules.
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Metanephric tubules differentiate into functional units called nephrons, with a glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) and glomerulus forming the renal corpuscle.
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Loop of Henle forms from the metanephric tubule, with a proximal and distal convoluted tubule.
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Polycystic kidney disease is a congenital disorder causing structural abnormalities and multiple cysts within the kidneys.
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Urogenital sinus forms during development, connecting the urogenital ducts to the cloaca and eventually the amniotic cavity.
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Urogenital sinus becomes the urinary bladder and urethra, with separate openings for the ureter and sex ducts.
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Ectopic ureter is a congenital anomaly in which the ureter opens into the urethra or vagina instead of the bladder.
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Ureter and mesonephric duct (Wolfian ducts) separate during development.
-
Urethra development is gender-specific, with a urinary bladder, pelvic urethra, and penile urethra in males.
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The mesonephros is the precursor to the adult kidney in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, but is eventually replaced by the metanephros.
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Kidneys develop from the intermediate mesoderm and consist of three successive phases: pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros.
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Nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys, are comprised of glomeruli and nephric tubules.
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Glomeruli are a network of capillaries for plasma filtration, and nephric tubules receive the plasma filtrate and reabsorb desirable constituents while conveying undesirable molecules to the collecting system.
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Nephron development involves the formation of a set of structures for collecting urine from the nephric tubules and transporting it out of the body.
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The mesonephros and pronephros share a similar developmental process, with the mesonephros using the pronephric duct as its functional duct.
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In most species, the pronephros is not functional and quickly degenerates, but in sheep, pronephric tubules become quite developed and connect to the mesonephric duct.
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The mesonephros is the functional adult kidney in most fish and amphibians, with dozens to hundreds of functional units called mesonephric nephrons.
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The metanephros replaces the mesonephros in reptiles, birds, and mammals, and consists of a significantly increased number of nephrons, usually from thousands to millions.
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The metanephros originates from the ureteric bud and metanephric blastema, and the ureteric bud gives rise to the definitive urinary collecting system.
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Hydronephrosis is a condition characterized by the distension and dilation of the collecting system due to a blockage in the free flow of urine. It can be acquired or congenital.
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Nephron formation involves the metanephric blastema, which is the origin of the nephrons in the metanephros.
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Metanephric mesoderm forms cellular aggregates adjacent to collecting tubules, which go through stages of development: spherical masses, hollow vesicles, and elongating S-shaped metanephric tubules.
-
Metanephric tubules differentiate into functional units called nephrons, with a glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) and glomerulus forming the renal corpuscle.
-
Loop of Henle forms from the metanephric tubule, with a proximal and distal convoluted tubule.
-
Polycystic kidney disease is a congenital disorder causing structural abnormalities and multiple cysts within the kidneys.
-
Urogenital sinus forms during development, connecting the urogenital ducts to the cloaca and eventually the amniotic cavity.
-
Urogenital sinus becomes the urinary bladder and urethra, with separate openings for the ureter and sex ducts.
-
Ectopic ureter is a congenital anomaly in which the ureter opens into the urethra or vagina instead of the bladder.
-
Ureter and mesonephric duct (Wolfian ducts) separate during development.
-
Urethra development is gender-specific, with a urinary bladder, pelvic urethra, and penile urethra in males.
This quiz covers the three stages in kidney development: pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros, as well as the origin of structures responsible for urine production and collecting ducts. It also touches on abnormalities in urinary system development.
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