SEM_12_Development of the Urinary System
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Questions and Answers

Which embryonic stage is limited to the embryonic stage of fish and amphibians?

  • Nephrogenic cord
  • Mesonephros
  • Metanephros
  • Pronephros (correct)

    • Which stage exhibits increasing complexity and refinement in their components and functions?

  • Nephrogenic cord
  • Mesonephros
  • Pronephros
  • Metanephros (correct)

    • Which structure forms a urogenital ridge consisting of a laterally-positioned nephrogenic cord and a medially-positioned gonadal ridge?

  • Pronephros
  • Mesonephros
  • Metanephros
  • Intermediate mesoderm (correct)

    • Which generation of kidneys develops chronologically in a cranial-caudal sequence from the bilateral nephrogenic cord?

    <p>Metanephros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of metanephric tubules in the developing kidney?

    <p>Differentiation into nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which congenital disorder causes structural abnormalities and multiple cysts within the kidneys?

    <p>Polycystic kidney disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the urogenital sinus become during development?

    <p>Urinary bladder and urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an ectopic ureter?

    <p>Anomaly in which the ureter opens into the urethra or vagina instead of the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During development, what do the ureter and mesonephric ducts (Wolfian ducts) do?

    <p>Separate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gender-specific development feature of the urethra?

    <p>Development of penile urethra in males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor to the adult kidney in most fish and amphibians?

    <p>Mesonephros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase do nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys, develop?

    <p>Metanephros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are glomeruli in the context of kidney function?

    <p>Plasma filtration network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure receives the plasma filtrate and reabsorbs desirable constituents in the kidney?

    <p>Nephric tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pronephros in most species?

    <p>Degenerates quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what species does the pronephros connect to the mesonephric duct?

    <p>Sheep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional adult kidney in most fish and amphibians?

    <p>Mesonephros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What replaces the mesonephros in reptiles, birds, and mammals?

    <p>Metanephros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the metanephros originate from?

    <p>Ureteric bud and metanephric blastema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hydronephrosis characterized by?

    <p>Dilation of collecting system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by distension and dilation of the collecting system due to a blockage in urine flow?

    <p>Hydronephrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of nephrons in the metanephros?

    <p>Ureteric bud and metanephric blastema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During kidney development, which structure forms a urogenital ridge consisting of a laterally-positioned nephrogenic cord and a medially-positioned gonadal ridge?

    <p>Intermediate mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the pronephros during kidney development?

    <p>It is limited to the embryonic stage of fish and amphibians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the metanephros originate from during kidney development?

    <p>Intermediate mesoderm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor to the adult kidney in most fish and amphibians?

    <p>Mesonephros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryonic stage exhibits increasing complexity and refinement in their components and functions?

    <p>Metanephros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hydronephrosis characterized by?

    <p>Distension and dilation of the collecting system due to urine blockage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During development, what does the urogenital sinus eventually become?

    <p>Urinary bladder and urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the congenital anomaly in which the ureter opens into the urethra or vagina instead of the bladder?

    <p>Ectopic ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure differentiates into functional units called nephrons, with a glomerular capsule and glomerulus forming the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Metanephric tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific gender-specific development feature of the urethra in males?

    <p>Penile urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Metanephric mesoderm forms cellular aggregates adjacent to collecting tubules, which go through stages of development: spherical masses, hollow vesicles, and elongating S-shaped metanephric tubules.

    • Metanephric tubules differentiate into functional units called nephrons, with a glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) and glomerulus forming the renal corpuscle.

    • Loop of Henle forms from the metanephric tubule, with a proximal and distal convoluted tubule.

    • Polycystic kidney disease is a congenital disorder causing structural abnormalities and multiple cysts within the kidneys.

    • Urogenital sinus forms during development, connecting the urogenital ducts to the cloaca and eventually the amniotic cavity.

    • Urogenital sinus becomes the urinary bladder and urethra, with separate openings for the ureter and sex ducts.

    • Ectopic ureter is a congenital anomaly in which the ureter opens into the urethra or vagina instead of the bladder.

    • Ureter and mesonephric duct (Wolfian ducts) separate during development.

    • Urethra development is gender-specific, with a urinary bladder, pelvic urethra, and penile urethra in males.

    • The mesonephros is the precursor to the adult kidney in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, but is eventually replaced by the metanephros.

    • Kidneys develop from the intermediate mesoderm and consist of three successive phases: pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros.

    • Nephrons, the functional units of the kidneys, are comprised of glomeruli and nephric tubules.

    • Glomeruli are a network of capillaries for plasma filtration, and nephric tubules receive the plasma filtrate and reabsorb desirable constituents while conveying undesirable molecules to the collecting system.

    • Nephron development involves the formation of a set of structures for collecting urine from the nephric tubules and transporting it out of the body.

    • The mesonephros and pronephros share a similar developmental process, with the mesonephros using the pronephric duct as its functional duct.

    • In most species, the pronephros is not functional and quickly degenerates, but in sheep, pronephric tubules become quite developed and connect to the mesonephric duct.

    • The mesonephros is the functional adult kidney in most fish and amphibians, with dozens to hundreds of functional units called mesonephric nephrons.

    • The metanephros replaces the mesonephros in reptiles, birds, and mammals, and consists of a significantly increased number of nephrons, usually from thousands to millions.

    • The metanephros originates from the ureteric bud and metanephric blastema, and the ureteric bud gives rise to the definitive urinary collecting system.

    • Hydronephrosis is a condition characterized by the distension and dilation of the collecting system due to a blockage in the free flow of urine. It can be acquired or congenital.

    • Nephron formation involves the metanephric blastema, which is the origin of the nephrons in the metanephros.

    • Metanephric mesoderm forms cellular aggregates adjacent to collecting tubules, which go through stages of development: spherical masses, hollow vesicles, and elongating S-shaped metanephric tubules.

    • Metanephric tubules differentiate into functional units called nephrons, with a glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) and glomerulus forming the renal corpuscle.

    • Loop of Henle forms from the metanephric tubule, with a proximal and distal convoluted tubule.

    • Polycystic kidney disease is a congenital disorder causing structural abnormalities and multiple cysts within the kidneys.

    • Urogenital sinus forms during development, connecting the urogenital ducts to the cloaca and eventually the amniotic cavity.

    • Urogenital sinus becomes the urinary bladder and urethra, with separate openings for the ureter and sex ducts.

    • Ectopic ureter is a congenital anomaly in which the ureter opens into the urethra or vagina instead of the bladder.

    • Ureter and mesonephric duct (Wolfian ducts) separate during development.

    • Urethra development is gender-specific, with a urinary bladder, pelvic urethra, and penile urethra in males.

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    SEM_12_Urinary system.docx

    Description

    This quiz covers the three stages in kidney development: pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros, as well as the origin of structures responsible for urine production and collecting ducts. It also touches on abnormalities in urinary system development.

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