Ch7-Lifespan Development

<p>Apoptosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptogenesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biochemical signaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Division into specialized regions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of neural plate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synaptic rearrangement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thicker cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 weeks to 6 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA methylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased methylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pairs of twisted hyper-phosphorylated tau filaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>History of depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction in growth and formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cause hippocampal atrophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three autosomal dominant gene mutations are identified for early onset AD. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active synapses predominating over inactive ones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small strategically placed lacunes can also severely affect cognition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased reactive state of microglia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of neurofibrillary tangles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Migration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Act as a scaffold for outward migration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fasciculation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of appropriate target contact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent the release of Diablo from the mitochondria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surviving neurons fill open synaptic spaces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To guide the growth of axons towards their targets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are eliminated through apoptosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons that do not receive enough growth factors will be eliminated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A protective sheath is formed around the neuron. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fewer synapses and spines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They guide consistent mapping of source to target in neural circuits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The production of new nerve cells.

The movement of neurons to their final locations.

Neurons change their type and develop specialized characteristics.

The formation of synapses (connections) between neurons.

Programmed cell death, crucial for development.

Refinement of synaptic connections between neurons.

Formation of myelin sheaths around axons (some neurons).

Scaffolding cells guiding neuron migration.

Attraction of axons to specific target cells based on chemical cues.

Stereotyped axonal pathfinding guided by pioneer axons.

Only neurons that make proper connections survive.

Modifying existing synaptic connections.

Maintaining the organization of neuronal maps.

Improved environment promotes synaptic connections.

Lack of visual input impairs brain development.

A richer environment promotes a thicker cortex, more dendrites, and more synapses, leading to better brain development.

Reduced visual input leads to fewer synapses and spines in the visual cortex, causing problems with depth and pattern perception.

The preference of a brain area for signals from one eye.

A specific time frame during development where the brain is most susceptible to environmental influences and experiences.

Significant shifts in brain's ocular dominance happen quickly early in life.

Adding a methyl group to DNA to control gene expression.

Modifying histones (proteins DNA wraps around), affecting how tightly DNA is packed, and impacting gene expression.

The study of how environmental factors influence the activation of genes, without changing the underlying DNA sequence itself.

Memory issues that result in aging, ranging from mild to profound dementia.

Dementia caused by a series of small strokes.

High stress and glucocorticoids may shrink the hippocampus in the brain.

A common age-associated dementia characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

Deposits of abnormal protein fragments in the brain.

Twisted protein fibers inside brain cells that disrupt function.

A single cell formed by the fusion of a sperm and an egg.

A hollow sphere of cells that develops from the zygote. It has the potential to become any type of cell in the body.

A three-layered structure that develops from the blastocyst. These layers give rise to different tissues and organs.

The outermost layer of the gastrula, which develops into the nervous system, skin, and hair.

The middle layer of the gastrula, which develops into muscles, bones, and blood.

The innermost layer of the gastrula, which develops into the digestive system and lungs.

A thickening of the ectoderm that forms the neural tube, the precursor to the central nervous system.

A tube formed from the neural plate that develops into the brain and spinal cord.

Cells that break off from the neural tube during development and form the peripheral nervous system.

Patches of thickened ectoderm that give rise to sensory organs like the eyes and ears.