45 Questions
What are the main two types of VSDs mentioned in the text?
Membranous VSDs and muscular VSDs
What type of shunting does a large VSD cause?
Left to right shunting
Where in the septum are membranous VSDs located?
In the membranous part of the septum
Which type of VSD occurs depending on the part of the septum defected?
Muscular VSDs
What serious consequences are associated with VSDs?
Left to right shunting
Which type of VSD is not mentioned in the text?
Perimembranous VSDs
In which direction does blood shunt with VSDs?
Left to right
What is the purpose of the foramen ovale during embryonic development?
To allow communication between the atria
Which structure contributes to the formation of the septum secundum?
Septum primum
During fetal development, what happens to the foramen ovale after birth?
It closes gradually over weeks to months
Which condition occurs if the foramen ovale fails to close after birth?
Atrial septal defect
What is the function of the ostium primum during heart development?
To allow blood flow between the atria in fetal circulation
Which structure serves as a valve-like mechanism to prevent backflow from the left atrium to the right atrium?
Septum secundum
What role does the septum primum play in heart development?
It acts as a temporary barrier between the atria during fetal development
What is the role of the sinus venosus in the embryonic heart?
It helps in receiving blood from veins
Which part of the sinus venosus receives blood from veins?
Right horn
What happens if there is a defect in the left horn of the sinus venosus?
Creation of an atrial septal defect
Which structure is most closely associated with the development of the right atrium?
Right sinus horn
If there is a defect in the septum secundum, what heart condition may arise?
Atrial septal defect
Which structure plays a crucial role in preventing backflow between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Crista terminalis
What is the initial structure that forms in the atrial septum during heart development?
Septum primum
Which part of the heart does the septum primum grow towards during development?
Endocardial cushion
What is the key characteristic of the tissue that forms the septum primum?
Appears as a crescentic structure and grows downwards
Which part of the single atrium gives rise to the ridge of tissue forming the septum primum?
Roof
What is the specific direction in which the ridge of tissue from the roof of the atrium grows to form the septum primum?
Downwards approaching the endocardial cushion
What is the main function of the septum primum during heart development?
Prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Which structure in the heart does the septum primum contribute to forming?
Foramen ovale
In heart development, what is located superior to the tissue forming the septum primum?
Septum secundum
Which structure does not directly involve in forming membranes during heart development?
Sinus venosus
What is a key characteristic of the crescentic structure that forms initially in heart development?
Perforated with tiny holes
What is the direction of growth of the ridge of tissue forming the septum primum from the roof of the single atrium?
Downwards
Which part of the heart does the ridge of tissue forming the septum primum approach during heart development?
Endocardial cushion
What is the shape of the structure that initially forms from the roof of the atrium during atrial septum development?
Crescentic
Which term best describes the membrane that takes part in forming the septum primum during heart development?
Imperforate
Where does the ridge of tissue forming the septum primum originate within the single atrium?
Endocardial cushion
What opening is left between the advancing septum primum and the endocardial primum cushion?
Ostium primum
Which structure is formed by the tissue from the roof of the atrium that grows to create the septum primum?
Ostium secundum
What is the name of the structure known for preventing backflow between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Bicuspid valve
Which part of the single atrium gives rise to the ridge of tissue forming the septum primum?
Endocardial primum cushion
What is the key characteristic of the crescent shape of the leading edge of the advancing septum primum?
Concave
Why is it important to have a foramen within the septum separating the atria?
To facilitate blood flow from the right to the left atrium
What is the function of the atrial septum before birth?
To direct blood from the right to the left atrium
What role does the foramen within the atrial septum play during fetal development?
It allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
What happens if the foramen within the atrial septum fails to close after birth?
Formation of a congenital heart defect
What is the main purpose of having a foramen in the septum separating the atria?
To facilitate oxygen exchange within fetal circulation
This quiz covers concepts related to the development of the heart, including the formation of heart tubes, looping of the heart, and septation of the common atrium. Topics also touch on the AV canal, endocardial cushion, and atrial septal defects.
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