40 Questions
Which germ layer gives rise to the lining of the GI and respiratory systems?
Endoderm
What is the term for the differentiation and growth of the neural plate into the neural tube during the first trimester of gestation?
Neurulation
What is the name of the depression between the two neural crests?
Neural fold
What is the name of the cells that migrate to the pharyngeal arches and contribute to the formation of the face and neck?
Neural crest cells
What is the name of the final wave of neural crest cell migration that forms melanocytes?
Final wave
What is the role of the notochord in neurulation?
Signals the neural fold to enlarge
Which structure forms from the cell replication in the neural plate?
Neural crests
What is the name of the cells that form the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia?
Neural crest cells
What is the primary function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
To surround and support axons
What is the term for the small gap between adjacent myelinating Schwann cells?
Node of Ranvier
How do oligodendrocytes differ from Schwann cells in terms of myelination?
Oligodendrocytes myelinate multiple axons at once
What is the earliest stage of brain development characterized by the formation of three primary vesicles?
Three-vesicle stage
Which brain region develops from the rhombencephalon?
Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
What is the term for the process by which the neural tube differentiates into distinct brain regions?
Neuralation
How do the three primary vesicles develop into the five secondary vesicles?
Prosencephalon divides into telencephalon and diencephalon, mesencephalon remains unchanged, and rhombencephalon divides into metencephalon and myelencephalon
What is the final stage of brain development characterized by the formation of distinct brain regions and the brainstem?
Differentiation of the vesicles
What is the derivative of the Diencephalon?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland
Where does the neural canal enlarge along with the neural tube?
Throughout the entire neural tube
What is the name of the condition that results from a blockage of the ventricular system or impedance of the CSF’s entry to the venous blood?
Hydrocephalus
Which part of the neural tube develops into the spinal cord?
The rest of the neural tube
What is the derivative of the Metencephalon?
Pons and cerebellum
What is the function of the ependymal cells?
To line the cavities of the neural tube
What is the consequence of the blockage of the ventricular system or impedance of the CSF’s entry to the venous blood in adults?
Increased pressure on the brain
What is the consequence of the narrowing of the lumen of the cerebral aqueduct?
Increased risk of blockage when the tissues of the brain swell
What is the direction of the rostral part of the spinal cord?
Towards the top of the head
Which type of herniation involves the separation of a fragment of the disk?
Disk sequestration
What is the function of the posterior funiculus in the spinal cord?
Conveying sensory signals from the skin and joints
Which tract in the posterior funiculus conveys sensory information from the upper limbs and neck?
Fasciculus cuneatus
What is the primary function of the anterior spinothalamic tract?
Transmitting sensations of crude touch
What is the term for the degenerative changes of the spine that may result in irritation and/or damage of the adjacent nerve roots or spinal cord?
Spondylosis
What is the term for the side of the body that is opposite to the point of origin of a nerve?
Contralateral
Which direction does the ventral part of the spinal cord face?
Towards the front
Which tract contains efferent nerve tracts that convey motor control impulses from the brain and cranial nerves?
Pyramidal tract
What is the term for the complete extrusion of the nucleus pulposus through a tear in the annulus fibrosus?
Disk herniation
Which part of the spinal cord is divided into two tracts: fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis?
Posterior funiculus
What is the location of the decussation of nerves in the corticospinal tract?
Medulla oblongata
Which type of neurons are found in the anterior horn of the spinal cord?
Alpha motor neurons
What is the main source of blood supply to the spinal cord?
Vertebral arteries
What is the term for the same side of the body as the point of origin of a nerve?
Ipsilateral
Which structure receives all sensory information from all body parts?
Ventral posterolateral nucleus
Learn about the embryonic development of the Central Nervous System, including the formation of the neural plate, neural fold, and notochord. Understand the role of ectoderm and mesoderm in the development of the CNS. Test your knowledge of neurulation and the formation of the spinal cord.
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