Development of Engineering Geology
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for the development of geology as a science?

  • Ancient intuitive knowledge of rocks and soils
  • The feats of mining and civil engineering in the distant past
  • The exploration of excavations in rocks and soils
  • The need to solve engineering problems (correct)

Who are mentioned as the 'fathers' of Geology in the passage?

  • Geologists from the distant past
  • Ancient intuitive engineers
  • Miners and industrial revolution workers
  • Civil engineers in the eighteenth century (correct)

What triggered the engineers' interest in geology according to the passage?

  • The opportunity to view and explore excavations in rocks and soils (correct)
  • The intuitive knowledge of rocks and soils
  • The need to construct major engineering works
  • The industrial revolution

How did ancient man's knowledge of geology contribute to the development of the science?

<p>By performing feats of mining and civil engineering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the civil engineers working in the eighteenth century contribute to the development of geology?

<p>They speculated on the origin and nature of rocks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were confronted with real engineering problems according to the passage?

<p>Civil engineers in the eighteenth century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of geology and engineering in the later nineteenth century?

<p>Geology advanced as a science, while engineering remained practical. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the majority of civil engineers view geology by the end of the nineteenth century?

<p>They knew relatively little about geology. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the leaders in advancing geology as a science in the nineteenth century?

<p>James Dana, Albert Heim, and Sir Archibald Geikie (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bridged the widening division between geology and engineering in the nineteenth and early twentieth century?

<p>The development of soil mechanics by engineers such as Charles Coulomb and Macquorn Rankine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with establishing soil mechanics as a discipline within the field of civil engineering?

<p>Karl Terzaghi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Charles Coulomb and Macquorn Rankine develop?

<p>Methods of calculating deformations of earth masses under engineering stresses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did James Dana, Albert Heim, and Sir Archibald Geikie contribute to geology?

<p>Leadership in advancing geology as a science (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized engineering according to the text?

<p>It remained as an eminently practical subject (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did soil mechanics bring together according to the text?

<p>Old knowledge, new theory, and experience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are some of the 'fathers' of Geology mentioned in the passage?

<p>Lewis Evans, William Smith, Pierre Cordier</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are some notable engineers mentioned in the text?

<p>Charles Coulomb and Macquorn Rankine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the engineers' interest in geology according to the passage?

<p>Real engineering problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the civil engineers of the eighteenth century contribute to the development of geology?

<p>Speculation on the origin and nature of rocks, and the relationships between similar rocks found in different places</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did ancient man contribute to the development of the science of geology?

<p>Intuitive knowledge of geology, as evidenced by feats of mining and civil engineering in the distant past</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the development of geology as a science?

<p>The practical application of subject by civil engineers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bridged the widening division between geology and engineering in the eighteenth century?

<p>The practical application of geology to real engineering problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of engineering geologists?

<p>To provide expert assessment of geological conditions on civil engineering sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Association of Engineering Geologists (AEG)?

<p>To provide a professional association for engineering geologists in the United States and internationally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was engineering geology first taught at postgraduate level in Imperial College, London?

<p>1957</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the International Association of Engineering Geology (IAEG) formed?

<p>1967</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did civil engineers view geology by the end of the nineteenth century?

<p>The majority of civil engineers knew relatively little about geology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the publication 'Erdbaumechanik' by Karl Terzaghi in 1925?

<p>It brought together old knowledge, added new theory and experience, and established soil mechanics as a discipline within civil engineering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the need for expert assessment of geological conditions on civil engineering sites?

<p>Failures of engineering works such as the Austin Dam in Texas in 1900 and the St. Francis Dam in California in 1928.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the leaders in advancing geology as a science in the nineteenth century?

<p>James Dana in America, Albert Heim in Switzerland, and Sir Archibald Geikie in Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bridged the widening division between geology and engineering in the nineteenth and early twentieth century?

<p>The development of soil mechanics by engineers such as Charles Coulomb and Macquorn Rankine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of geology and engineering in the later nineteenth century?

<p>Civil engineers knew relatively little about geology, and very few geologists were concerned about its engineering applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized engineering according to the text?

<p>Engineering was characterized by practical canal and railway construction carried out by the 'navvy', and it remained as an eminently practical subject.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did soil mechanics bring together according to the text?

<p>Soil mechanics brought together old knowledge, and added new theory and experience to establish soil mechanics as a discipline within the field of civil engineering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main contribution of civil engineers in the eighteenth century to the development of geology?

<p>Developing theories on the origin of rocks and their relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are credited as the 'fathers' of Geology in the passage?

<p>Lewis Evans, William Smith, and Pierre Cordier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the interest of civil engineers in geology according to the passage?

<p>Real engineering problems requiring knowledge of ground conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the interest of civil engineers in geology in the eighteenth century?

<p>Intrigued by what they saw during excavations in rocks and soils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the civil engineers working in the eighteenth century contribute to the development of geology?

<p>Speculating on the origin and nature of rocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are some notable 'fathers' of Geology according to the passage?

<p>Lewis Evans, William Smith, and Pierre Cordier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of engineering geologists according to the passage?

<p>To understand the fundamental importance of geological conditions in civil engineering design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did soil mechanics bring together according to the text?

<p>Old knowledge, new theory, and experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized engineering according to the text?

<p>A theoretical understanding driven by practical problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with establishing soil mechanics as a discipline within the field of civil engineering?

<p>Karl Terzaghi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the need for expert assessment of geological conditions on civil engineering sites?

<p>The failures of engineering works like the Austin Dam and St. Francis Dam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was engineering geology first taught at postgraduate level in Imperial College, London?

<p>In 1957 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of geology and engineering in the later nineteenth century?

<p>Geology became a more-or-less respectable natural philosophy, while engineering remained practical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Charles Coulomb and Macquorn Rankine develop?

<p>Methods of calculating the deformations of earth masses under the stresses imposed by engineering works (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Erdbaumechanik' by Karl Terzaghi in 1925 brought together what according to the text?

<p>'Erdbaumechanik' brought together old knowledge, new theory, and experience to establish soil mechanics in its own right as a discipline within civil engineering. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Association of Engineering Geologists (AEG)?

<p>To band together to form a professional association for practicing engineering geologists. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were confronted with real engineering problems according to the passage?

<p>Navvies involved in canal and railway construction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are some notable engineers mentioned in the text?

<p>Robert Leggett and Charles Berkey. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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