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Questions and Answers
Vulnerability to poverty increases the probability of falling into _____ as a consequence of exposure to shocks.
poverty
Shocks can lead to a decline in _____ consumption among the poor compared to their current situation.
food
Natural disasters and economic shocks are examples of _____ risks that affect many people.
covariate
To lessen vulnerability, risk _____ strategies involve reducing the probability and severity of shocks.
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Basic needs are necessary aspects of life for human _____ and include health, education, and nutrition.
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The Human Development Index (HDI) is an indicator that combines measures of education, _____, and PPP-GNIPPc.
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Self-managed risk coping strategies include activities like borrowing, selling assets, and _____ postponement.
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Chronic poverty refers to long-term _____ as a result of irreversible shocks.
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Education access is a crucial component of defining basic needs, alongside nutrition and _____ services.
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_______ risks are characterized by affecting individuals or particular households rather than large groups.
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The principle of 'Leave No One Behind' is applied to ensure universal access to basic ______.
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A multi-dimensional assessment of poverty includes not just income, but also health, education, and ______ vulnerabilities.
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Risk reduction strategies aim to minimize the impact of ______ on livelihoods.
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Measuring basic needs entitlements often requires indicators that reflect ______ adequacy.
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One challenge in measuring the SDGs is that indicators can sometimes be ______.
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Data availability is crucial for assessing the impacts of poverty and needs at an ______ level.
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To effectively measure poverty, it is important to establish thresholds for ______ performance.
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Multi-dimensional poverty indicators provide a more ______ view of poverty than income alone.
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Traffic light readings on a dashboard help visualize the ______ of a country's performance in achieving SDGs.
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Establishing upper bounds for indicators includes setting goals like zero ______ and universal basic education.
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The concept of sustainability is concerned with intergenerational ______.
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Sustainability involves assessing the impact of current behavior on natural resources and the ______.
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One aspect of sustainability includes the transmission of stocks of ______ across generations.
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The Quality of Life indicators include political stability and ______.
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William Easterly described 81 QoL indicators that comprise factors such as individual rights and ______.
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Amartya Sen advocates for development as a process of expanding ______.
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Sen's capabilities approach emphasizes the importance of ______ in making personal choices.
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Freedom from ignorance and ______ is considered essential in Sen's central human capabilities.
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The SDGs consist of goals, targets, and ______ for measuring progress.
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Multi-dimensional poverty indicators assess more than just income; they evaluate basic needs and ______.
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Study Notes
Vulnerability to Shocks
- Individuals face a probability of falling into poverty due to exposure to unexpected shocks, which may be exacerbated for the poor.
- Shocks can lead to increased poverty incidence, depth of poverty, and lower future income compared to current income.
- The poor experience a greater impact from declines in income or food consumption than wealthier individuals.
Types of Risks
- Covariate Risks: Affect many people simultaneously (e.g., natural disasters).
- Idiosyncratic Risks: Impact individuals or specific households (e.g., health shocks).
- Irreversibility Risks: Shocks that can result in chronic or situational poverty.
Risk Management Strategies
- Risk Reduction (Prevention): Education, vaccination, and investment in climate-adaptive practices alleviate shock severity.
- Risk Management (Mitigation): Involves personal strategies like income diversification and mutual support systems.
- Risk Coping: Actions taken after experiencing shocks include borrowing, asset selling, or postponing consumption.
Basic needs and Entitlements
- Basic needs encompass essential aspects of life: health, education, nutrition, housing, and sanitation, reflecting a broad consensus for human development.
- Indicators of basic needs include health metrics, educational statistics, and nutrition assessments.
Measuring Progress
- Human Development Index (HDI): Combines education, health, and income measures for national development assessment.
- Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI): Reflects poverty across various dimensions beyond monetary measures.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- Total of 231 unique indicators for SDGs; 248 listed in total with some repeats.
- Effective measurement relies on indicator availability, validity, and applicability across diverse country contexts.
Challenges in Measuring SDGs
- Indicators can be vague or outdated, and data availability varies globally.
- Some targets lack universally agreed indicators, and index comparisons require caution.
Index Creation and Scoring
- Establish performance thresholds by setting upper and lower bounds for each indicator.
- Normalization techniques ensure comparability among different indicators.
International Spillover Index
- Tracks a country's actions’ environmental and social impacts on others, focusing on trade and finance.
Sustainability Concept
- Encompasses intergenerational equity, ensuring future generations are not disadvantaged by current resource use.
- Key issues include climate change, carbon emissions, and the transmission of asset stocks across generations.
Quality of Life Perspectives
- William Easterly's indicators cover political stability, individual rights, and absence of societal “bads.”
- Amartya Sen emphasizes the enlargement of freedom, equating development with expanding individual capabilities and opportunities.
Central Human Capabilities
- Fundamental freedoms include engaging in productive activity, being free from hunger and ignorance, and participating in community life.
Framework of SDGs
- Each SDG comprises specific goals, targets, and indicators to measure development progress.
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Description
This quiz explores semi/non-monetary measures of development, focusing on the impact of resource use and vulnerability to shocks. It assesses understanding of how these measures relate to the satisfaction of basic needs and the quality of life. Dive into the essential metrics for measuring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
