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What was the percentage of the workforce engaged in agriculture in China?
What was the percentage of the workforce engaged in agriculture in China?
Which country had the highest contribution of agriculture to GDP in 2016?
Which country had the highest contribution of agriculture to GDP in 2016?
Which sector contributes the most to India's GDP?
Which sector contributes the most to India's GDP?
In 2014, what percentage of the workforce in India was engaged in the service sector?
In 2014, what percentage of the workforce in India was engaged in the service sector?
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What was China's contribution of the secondary sector to its total GDP?
What was China's contribution of the secondary sector to its total GDP?
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What was the percentage of the workforce engaged in manufacturing in Pakistan?
What was the percentage of the workforce engaged in manufacturing in Pakistan?
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Which country showed a decline in all three economic sectors?
Which country showed a decline in all three economic sectors?
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Which country had a higher percentage of workforce engaged in the service sector in 1980?
Which country had a higher percentage of workforce engaged in the service sector in 1980?
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What type of economic system does Pakistan follow?
What type of economic system does Pakistan follow?
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What significant agricultural initiative was introduced in Pakistan to increase food production?
What significant agricultural initiative was introduced in Pakistan to increase food production?
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In the early 1970s, what major economic policy was implemented in Pakistan?
In the early 1970s, what major economic policy was implemented in Pakistan?
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Which country has the lowest density of population?
Which country has the lowest density of population?
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What change occurred in Pakistan's economic policy in the late 1970s?
What change occurred in Pakistan's economic policy in the late 1970s?
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Which country has the highest fertility rate?
Which country has the highest fertility rate?
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As of 2015, which country had the highest population?
As of 2015, which country had the highest population?
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What is the sex ratio in India?
What is the sex ratio in India?
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What was the population growth rate of Pakistan per annum in 2015?
What was the population growth rate of Pakistan per annum in 2015?
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How does Pakistan's population compare to that of India and China as of 2015?
How does Pakistan's population compare to that of India and China as of 2015?
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What was the GDP growth rate of China from 1980 to 1990?
What was the GDP growth rate of China from 1980 to 1990?
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Which country has the highest level of urbanization?
Which country has the highest level of urbanization?
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What population control policy was introduced in China in the late 1970s?
What population control policy was introduced in China in the late 1970s?
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What is the GDP of India in trillion US dollars?
What is the GDP of India in trillion US dollars?
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What was the GDP growth rate of India from 2011-2015?
What was the GDP growth rate of India from 2011-2015?
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What percentage of land area in China is suitable for cultivation?
What percentage of land area in China is suitable for cultivation?
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Which country has the highest Human Development Index (HDI) among India, China, and Pakistan?
Which country has the highest Human Development Index (HDI) among India, China, and Pakistan?
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What is the life expectancy at birth in India?
What is the life expectancy at birth in India?
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Which country has the highest mean years of schooling?
Which country has the highest mean years of schooling?
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What is the infant mortality rate (IMR) in Pakistan?
What is the infant mortality rate (IMR) in Pakistan?
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What percentage of people in India are below the poverty line?
What percentage of people in India are below the poverty line?
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What is the maternal mortality rate in China?
What is the maternal mortality rate in China?
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Which country has the highest GDP per capita in 2016?
Which country has the highest GDP per capita in 2016?
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What percentage of the population in India has access to improved water sources?
What percentage of the population in India has access to improved water sources?
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What percentage of the population is undernourished in India?
What percentage of the population is undernourished in India?
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Which aspect is highlighted as insufficient according to the content?
Which aspect is highlighted as insufficient according to the content?
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How has food production in India and Pakistan responded to population growth?
How has food production in India and Pakistan responded to population growth?
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In which area does India have an advantage over Pakistan?
In which area does India have an advantage over Pakistan?
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Which of the following is a common failure of both India and Pakistan?
Which of the following is a common failure of both India and Pakistan?
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What significant achievement has Pakistan made in workforce migration?
What significant achievement has Pakistan made in workforce migration?
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In what area is Pakistan outperforming India more significantly according to the content?
In what area is Pakistan outperforming India more significantly according to the content?
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What was China’s main focus during its reform process compared to India?
What was China’s main focus during its reform process compared to India?
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What was the approximate death toll caused by the severe drought in China?
What was the approximate death toll caused by the severe drought in China?
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What significant policy did Mao introduce in 1965?
What significant policy did Mao introduce in 1965?
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What was a key change in agriculture during China's reforms starting in 1978?
What was a key change in agriculture during China's reforms starting in 1978?
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What does dual pricing in the reform process entail?
What does dual pricing in the reform process entail?
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Why were special economic zones (SEZ) established in China?
Why were special economic zones (SEZ) established in China?
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When did Pakistan gain independence?
When did Pakistan gain independence?
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What major event in 1971 affected Pakistan's territorial integrity?
What major event in 1971 affected Pakistan's territorial integrity?
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What is the estimated population growth rate of Pakistan as per 2015 data?
What is the estimated population growth rate of Pakistan as per 2015 data?
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Study Notes
India, China, and Pakistan Development
- India is the world's largest democracy with a secular and liberal constitution.
- China recently shifted towards a more liberal constitution (from socialist economy).
- Pakistan has an autocratic military political structure.
- All three started their development paths around the same time (1940s-1950s).
- India and Pakistan gained independence in 1947.
- China's People's Republic was established in 1949.
- Each nation planned development strategies similarly.
- India launched its first five-year plan in 1951.
- Pakistan's was in 1956, and China's in 1953.
- Similar strategies included creating large public sectors and increased social development expenditures.
- Growth rates and per capita incomes were similar until the 1980s for the three countries.
China's Development
- China is the world's most populous country (1.37 billion in 2015).
- It's the third largest country geographically (9.6 million square kilometers).
- China's population growth rate was 0.5% annually in 2015.
- Its controls were brought under government control after its People's Republic was established.
- The Great Leap Forward (1958) campaign aimed to modernize China's economy through rapid industrialization.
- Rural communes, and collective farming, were established.
- A severe drought caused great havoc in China, killing approximately 30 million people.
- Reforms in the 1970s involved de-nationalization and incentives for private sector investment.
- Dual pricing systems were used.
- Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were established to attract foreign investment.
Pakistan's Development
- Pakistan gained independence in 1947.
- It borders Central Asia, the Middle East, and Afghanistan.
- Its total area is 796,095 square kilometers (2015).
- Pakistan also follows a mixed-economy model.
- Its 2015 population was 188 million.
- Policies were introduced in the 1950s and 1960s to support domestic industries.
- Tariffs were imposed on imports to protect domestic goods.
- Pakistan received financial support from Western nations and remittances from emigrants.
- The Green Revolution increased food production.
Demographic Indicators (2015)
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China has the largest population (1.37 billion) with the second largest India (1.3 billion)
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Pakistan has a much smaller population compared to China.
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China's population growth rate is low due to the one-child policy
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China, India, and Pakistan each have unique political and economic factors impacting development.
Demographic Indicators (2016)
- HDI Rankings are as follows: India 131, China 91, and Pakistan 148.
- Life expectancy: China (76 years), India (68.3 years), Pakistan (66.4 years).
- Mean years of schooling: China (7.6 years), India (6.3 years), Pakistan (5.1 years).
- Infant mortality rate: China (9 per 1,000 births) is lower than both India (38) and Pakistan (66).
- Population below poverty line is largest in Pakistan and lowest in China
- Maternal mortality: China (27 per 100,000 births) is less than both India (174) and Pakistan (178).
- GDP per capita in the different countries
Economic Indicators 1980-2015
- China's growth rate is much higher than India's and Pakistan
- China's GDP growth rate was in the double digits in the 1980s, but after 2011 the growth rate declined,
- Pakistan and India's growth rates declined
- China's GDP was substantially higher than others in the same period
Sectoral Contributions (2014-15)
- China's primary sector (agriculture) was small, only 10% of the total land.
- China's workforce engaged in the secondary sector (manufacturing) was 29%
- In 1980s, Pakistan initially favored faster shifts to the service sector, unlike India and China.
Development Strategy Comparisons
- China's reforms started earlier and focused more on both the service and secondary sectors, which aided its rapid economic development.
- India and Pakistan's primary sector (agriculture) had a high portion of the workforce.
- While all three countries experienced growth, China had more success compared to India and Pakistan.
Important Considerations
- Political instability and significant dependence on foreign loans hindered Pakistan's economy
- India's poverty problem and infrastructure concerns hampered its rapid growth.
- Although China is a major economic player, human rights concerns are a concern.
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Description
Explore the developmental paths of India, China, and Pakistan from the mid-20th century. Learn about their political structures, economic strategies, and how they evolved over time. This quiz covers the significant milestones and impacts on each country's growth.
