166 Questions
Which of the following is a consideration when developing exercise prescription for cancer patients?
Patient's age and comorbidities
What is the normal range for platelets in the blood?
200,000-400,000 mm3
Which of the following is a potential toxicity associated with cancer treatments?
Increased risk for fractures
What is the recommended exercise intensity for a patient with a hemoglobin level of 8-10 g/dL?
Light exercise
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN)?
Increased blood pressure
What is the second most common acute side effect of cancer intervention?
Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN)
Which of the following is NOT a potential risk factor for developing radiation fibrosis?
Chemotherapy used
What is a potential consequence of radiation induced tissue fibrosis?
Loss of elasticity
Which of the following is a common treatment approach for head and neck cancer?
Surgery
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Pulmonary fibrosis
What is a possible consequence of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Loss of elasticity in tendons
What is trismus?
Limited ability to open the mouth
Which of the following is a key symptom of Axillary Web Syndrome?
Tightness in the skin around the affected areas
What is the most common form of secondary lymphedema in the US?
Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema
Which technique is NOT used for quantitative limb volume assessment?
Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy
What is the recommended intensity for aerobic training for cancer survivors according to the Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors?
Moderate intensity
Which of the following is NOT a potential symptom of Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN)?
Increased vibratory sense
What is the most common acute side effect of cancer intervention?
Falls
Which of the following is NOT a potential risk factor for developing radiation fibrosis?
Type of chemotherapy used
What is a potential consequence of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Ulceration
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Scapular Dyskinesia
What is the normal range for platelets in the blood?
150-400 x10^9/L
What is the recommended exercise intensity for a patient with a hemoglobin level of 8-10 g/dL?
Low intensity
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when developing exercise prescription for cancer patients?
Blood count values alone
Which of the following is NOT a special consideration for exercise prescription in cancer patients?
Avoiding aquatic therapy
Which of the following is NOT a general hematological guideline for exercise prescription in cancer patients?
No exercise if platelets are less than 5000/mm3
Which of the following is NOT a potential toxicity associated with cancer treatments?
Decreased bone density
Which of the following is NOT a caution in determining activity level for cancer patients?
Fever or active infection
Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Increased risk for fractures
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Decreased bone density
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing Axillary Web Syndrome?
All of the above
What is the average duration of Axillary Web Syndrome?
12 weeks
Which of the following is a potential symptom of Lymphedema?
All of the above
Which technique is NOT used for quantitative limb volume assessment?
Water displacement
What is the recommended duration of moderate intensity aerobic training for cancer survivors according to the Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors?
30 minutes
Which of the following is NOT a component of Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT) for lymphedema?
Therapeutic Exercise
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Muscle and joint pain
What is trismus?
Limited ability to open the mouth
Which of the following is a potential consequence of radiation induced tissue fibrosis?
Loss of elasticity in tendons and ligaments
Which of the following is a key symptom of Axillary Web Syndrome?
Quick exacerbation of lymphedema
What is the recommended exercise intensity for a patient with a hemoglobin level of 8-10 g/dL?
Low intensity
What is a potential toxicity associated with cancer treatments?
Peripheral neuropathy
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing radiation fibrosis?
Already having lymphedema
What is a possible consequence of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Orthopedic considerations
Which of the following is a consideration when developing exercise prescription for cancer patients?
All of the above
Which of the following is a potential long-term consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Cardiomyopathy
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Lymphedema
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Decreased white blood cell count
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Radiation fibrosis
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF)
Which of the following is a potential long-term consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Decreased white blood cell count
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Axillary Web Syndrome
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Radiation Therapy and Skin Impairment
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Decreased white blood cell count
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing lymphedema after breast cancer treatment?
Scar adhesion
Which of the following is a potential consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Increased risk of developing metastatic disease
Which of the following is NOT a type of breast cancer?
Paget’s disease
Which of the following is a potential consequence of mastectomy?
Increased risk of developing lymphedema
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing breast cancer?
Having a family history of breast cancer
Which of the following is a potential consequence of axillary lymph node removal?
Increased risk of developing lymphedema
Which of the following is NOT a common treatment for breast cancer?
Physical therapy
Which of the following is a potential consequence of prophylactic mastectomy?
Increased risk of developing lymphedema
Which of the following is a potential consequence of breast cancer treatment?
Increased risk of developing late complications
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing metastatic breast cancer?
Not having any children
Which of the following is a potential consequence of breast cancer surgery?
Reduced risk of developing late complications
Which of the following is a potential consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of chemotherapy?
Nausea and vomiting
What is the role of the rectus abdominis muscle in trunk flexion?
Responsible for the first 30 degrees of trunk flexion
What is the most obvious deficit after TRAM (Transverse Rectus Abdominis Muscle) reconstruction?
Inability to complete a rotational full sit up
Which of the following is a potential side effect of targeted and hormone therapies for breast cancer?
Loss of muscle tone/strength
What is the goal of chemotherapy?
All of the above
Which of the following is a potential side effect of anthracycline chemotherapy drugs?
Cardiotoxicity
Which of the following is a potential side effect of taxane chemotherapy drugs?
Neurotoxicity
Which of the following is a potential side effect of aromatase inhibitors?
Arthralgias
Which of the following is NOT a potential risk factor for developing axillary web syndrome?
Chemotherapy
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing lymphedema after breast cancer treatment?
Having a history of axillary cording
What is the average duration of Axillary Web Syndrome?
8 weeks
What is the recommended intensity for aerobic training for cancer survivors according to the Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors?
Moderate intensity
Which technique is NOT used for quantitative limb volume assessment?
Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy
What is the most common form of secondary lymphedema in the US?
Breast cancer related lymphedema
Which of the following is NOT a key consideration when developing exercise prescription for cancer patients?
Age and other comorbidities
What is the recommended exercise intensity for a patient with a hemoglobin level of 8-10 g/dL?
Light exercise
What is the normal range for platelets in the blood?
200,000 – 400,000 mm3
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing lymphedema after breast cancer treatment?
Bone metastases
What is a potential consequence of radiation induced tissue fibrosis?
Musculoskeletal morbidities
Which of the following is a potential side effect of chemotherapy?
Chemo induced peripheral neuropathy
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Musculoskeletal implications
Which of the following is a potential consequence of TRAM reconstruction?
Inability to complete rotational curl-up
Which of the following is a potential side effect of targeted and hormone therapies for breast cancer?
Loss of tensile strength in ligaments/tendons
Which of the following is a potential consequence of axillary lymph node removal?
Seroma
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing breast cancer?
Having a family history of breast cancer
What is the most common type of breast cancer?
Invasive breast cancer
What is the recommended exercise intensity for a patient with a hemoglobin level of 8-10 g/dL?
Low intensity exercise
What is a potential consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Tissue fibrosis
Which of the following is a potential side effect of hormone therapy for breast cancer?
Increased risk of developing ovarian cancer
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Muscle and joint pain
Which of the following is a potential consequence of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Ulceration
What is trismus?
Tonic contraction of muscles of mastication resulting in limited ability to open the mouth
What is a potential consequence of mastectomy?
CS and shoulder dysfunction
What is a potential side effect of aromatase inhibitors?
Muscle and joint pain
Which of the following is a potential side effect of Herceptin, a targeted therapy used in breast cancer treatment?
Cardiomyopathy
Which of the following is a potential side effect of Perjeta, another targeted therapy used in breast cancer treatment?
Decreased white blood cell count
Which of the following is a potential consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Tissue scarring
Which of the following is a potential symptom of Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)?
Paresthesia
Which of the following is a potential long-term consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Lymphedema
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing lymphedema after breast cancer treatment?
Having a low BMI
Which of the following is a potential consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Axillary web syndrome
What is the normal range for platelets in the blood?
7.1 or above
Which of the following is a potential side effect of Perjeta, another targeted therapy used in breast cancer treatment?
Cardiac toxicity
What is the recommended intensity for aerobic training for cancer survivors according to the Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors?
Moderate intensity
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when developing exercise prescription for cancer patients?
The patient's blood count values
What is the recommended exercise intensity for a patient with a hemoglobin level of 8-10 g/dL?
Resistive exercise
What is the normal range for platelets in the blood?
200,000 - 400,000/mm3
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Decreased bone density
Which of the following is a potential consequence of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Trismus
Which of the following is a potential side effect of Herceptin, a targeted therapy used in breast cancer treatment?
Muscle weakness
Which of the following is a potential consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Radiation fibrosis
Which of the following is a potential symptom of Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN)?
Muscle weakness
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Decreased white blood cell count
Which of the following is a potential risk factor for developing lymphedema after breast cancer treatment?
Obesity
Which of the following is a potential consequence of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer?
Ulceration
What is trismus?
Limited ability to open the mouth
Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Spinal accessory and/or facial nerve palsy
What is the most common form of secondary lymphedema in the US?
Upper extremity lymphedema
Which of the following is a potential side effect of chemotherapy?
Hearing loss
Which of the following is a potential side effect of chemotherapy drugs?
Myelosuppression
Which of the following is a potential side effect of targeted and hormone therapies for breast cancer?
Loss of tensile strength in ligaments/tendons
Which of the following is a potential consequence of TRAM reconstruction?
Inability to complete a rotational curl-up
Which of the following is a potential side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer?
Cardiotoxicity
Which of the following is a potential consequence of mastectomy?
Loss of tensile strength in ligaments/tendons
Which of the following is a potential consequence of TRAM reconstruction?
Impairment and dysfunction due to late complications of disease and treatment
What is the most common form of secondary lymphedema in the US?
Axillary Web Syndrome
Which of the following is NOT a caution in determining activity level for cancer patients?
Increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer
What is the most common type of breast cancer?
Invasive breast cancer
Which of the following is a potential consequence of radiation induced tissue fibrosis?
Impairment and dysfunction due to late complications of disease and treatment
Which of the following sounds is usually heard during diastole?
Leathery sound
What is the predicted value for Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) for a 60-year-old female?
$158 - (60 \times 0.18)$
What is the usual position for post-operative comfort to improve respiration?
Head elevated 20°, legs slightly flexed
Which of the following exercises is specifically used for localized expansion of the lungs?
Diaphragmatic breathing exercise
What does an Incentive Spirometer claim to strengthen?
Diaphragm
Which component primarily represents the metabolic aspect of blood gas analysis?
HCO3
What does an increased PaCO2 indicate in blood gas analysis?
Respiratory acidosis
Which parameter is used to determine metabolic alkalosis in blood gas analysis?
HCO3
In blood gas analysis, how is compensation different from correction?
Compensation involves altering the primarily affected component, while correction alters the normalized pH.
Which scale is used to quantify dyspnea in patients during activity?
Borg Rate of Perceived Exertion Scale
What is the best area to listen for the pulmonic valve closure (P2) of the second heart sound?
2nd ICS, L sternal border
Which heart sound is associated with poor ventricular compliance in adults?
Third heart sound (S3)
Where is the tricuspid area for auscultation of the heart sounds located?
5th intercostal space, L sternal border
What is the abnormal heart sound associated with exaggerated atrial contraction and turbulence?
Fourth heart sound (S4)
When auscultating the mitral area, where is the best location to hear the mitral valve closure (M1) of the first heart sound?
5th ICS midclavicular line near left nipple
What is the purpose of the Modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale?
To assess respiratory effort during exercise
Which component of the chest examination involves evaluating neck accessory muscles, tracheal position, and jugular vein distension?
Inspection
What is the defining characteristic of Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern?
Increasing and decreasing depth, periods of apnea, irregular rhythm
In the context of chest examination, what does the term 'cachexia' refer to?
Body type
What is the primary function of the Patient Instructions for Borg Dyspnea Scale?
To rate the difficulty of breathing
What is the goal of Airway Clearance Techniques (ACT)?
To reduce airway obstruction caused by secretions
Which technique is a passive one that enables gravity to assist in the flow of secretions from the airways?
Postural drainage
What did a Meta-Analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials find about Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) post cardio-thoracic surgery?
Significantly decreased postoperative pulmonary complications compared to standard care
In which patient population did Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) show benefits for improving respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, and dyspnea?
Patients with stable heart failure and respiratory muscle weakness
What did the addition of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) to a regular exercise program improve in patients with COPD?
Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP)
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation due to airway obstruction
What is the primary cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Loss of HCl (stomach)
In blood gas analysis, what does a low HCO3 indicate?
Metabolic acidosis
What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
Hypoventilation
What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis?
Acidemia 2o to diabetes
Study Notes
Physical Impairments and Management in Breast Cancer Treatment
- Herceptin is a targeted therapy given intravenously for about a year to patients with Her2+ breast cancer.
- Cardiomyopathy, decreased white blood cell count, anemia, and cancer-related fatigue are potential side effects of Herceptin.
- Perjeta is another targeted therapy used in breast cancer treatment that inhibits cell growth and division.
- Radiation therapy destroys cancer cells and inhibits cell growth, typically delivered in doses of 3-4 Gy per treatment and totaling 40-70 Gy.
- Radiation therapy can cause tissue scarring and increase the risk of developing lymphedema and brachial plexopathies.
- Acute, subacute, and chronic stages of radiation therapy can lead to skin impairment, tissue immobility, and adhesions.
- Common upper quarter impairments following breast cancer treatment include chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, radiation fibrosis, scar adhesion, brachial plexopathy, scapular dyskinesia, and lymphedema.
- Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the second most common acute side effect of cancer intervention and can cause gait and mobility deficits.
- CIPN can result in paresthesia, decreased proprioception, neuropathic pain, muscle weakness, postural instability, and balance problems.
- Management of CIPN includes patient education, assistive devices, exercises, joint mobilizations, gentle compression, and fall prevention recommendations.
- Radiation fibrosis is the pathological development of fibrotic tissue sclerosis due to radiation therapy, potentially leading to loss of elasticity and organ complications.
- Management of radiation fibrosis involves deep tissue work, tissue mobilization, scar mobilization, and prevention of chest wall adhesion.
Physical Impairments and Management in Breast Cancer Treatment
- Herceptin is a targeted therapy given intravenously for about a year to patients with Her2+ breast cancer.
- Cardiomyopathy, decreased white blood cell count, anemia, and cancer-related fatigue are potential side effects of Herceptin.
- Perjeta is another targeted therapy used in breast cancer treatment that inhibits cell growth and division.
- Radiation therapy destroys cancer cells and inhibits cell growth, typically delivered in doses of 3-4 Gy per treatment and totaling 40-70 Gy.
- Radiation therapy can cause tissue scarring and increase the risk of developing lymphedema and brachial plexopathies.
- Acute, subacute, and chronic stages of radiation therapy can lead to skin impairment, tissue immobility, and adhesions.
- Common upper quarter impairments following breast cancer treatment include chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, radiation fibrosis, scar adhesion, brachial plexopathy, scapular dyskinesia, and lymphedema.
- Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the second most common acute side effect of cancer intervention and can cause gait and mobility deficits.
- CIPN can result in paresthesia, decreased proprioception, neuropathic pain, muscle weakness, postural instability, and balance problems.
- Management of CIPN includes patient education, assistive devices, exercises, joint mobilizations, gentle compression, and fall prevention recommendations.
- Radiation fibrosis is the pathological development of fibrotic tissue sclerosis due to radiation therapy, potentially leading to loss of elasticity and organ complications.
- Management of radiation fibrosis involves deep tissue work, tissue mobilization, scar mobilization, and prevention of chest wall adhesion.
Test your knowledge on developing exercise prescription considering various lab values, individualized patient needs, and the effects of cancer treatment. Learn about considerations for exercise programs, including barriers such as time, travel, cost, and social factors. Understand the importance of balancing exercise with persistent effects of neuropathy and steroid use.
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