Workshop 1: Pluripotent Stem Cell
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of pluripotent stem cells?

  • Ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. (correct)
  • Capability to replicate indefinitely without differentiation.
  • Ability to develop into only specific lineages.
  • Capability to form organ-specific cells exclusively.

    • What is one ethical concern related to the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)?

  • The possibility of patenting human genetic material.
  • The risk of creating uncontrolled cell growth.
  • Ownership and rights to the derived cells. (correct)
  • The inability to ensure compatibility with all patients.

    • Which step follows the generation of pluripotency in stem cell research?

  • Differentiation into the required lineage.
  • Establishment of an ethical framework.
  • Publication of findings in a scientific journal.
  • Confirmation of pluripotency. (correct)

    • What was a significant outcome of the use of HeLa cells in research?

    <p>Critical advancements in polio vaccine and HIV research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which four factors were identified by Yamanaka's group as essential for inducing pluripotent stem cells?

    <p>OSKM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells were directly reprogrammed to create induced pluripotent stem cells in Yamanaka's research?

    <p>Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Yamanaka’s work, what is the significance of generating patient-specific iPS cells?

    <p>Avoiding immune rejection in transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential applications of induced pluripotent stem cells in medicine?

    <p>Gene therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following techniques is primarily used to generate iPS cells?

    <p>Retroviral Transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'K' in the OSKM acronym stand for regarding iPS cell factors?

    <p>Klf4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical step in the direct reprogramming process to iPS cells?

    <p>Activating specific transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the status of the somatic cells used to create iPS cells?

    <p>They are fully differentiated cells limited to specific functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ethical considerations arise from the use of iPS cells in research and therapy?

    <p>Questions on the use of human embryonic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do iPS cells have over embryonic stem cells?

    <p>They can be derived from adult tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of murine embryonic stem cells in the context of human embryonic stem cell research?

    <p>They served as a model for understanding human embryonic stem cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aspects is NOT a focus in the objectives of the workshop on pluripotent stem cells?

    <p>Practical applications of somatic cell nuclear transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year were the first human embryonic stem cell culture techniques reported?

    <p>1998</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of engaging in peer-to-peer scientific discussions during the workshop?

    <p>To generate a consensus response to complex questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is likely to be reviewed during the workshop regarding the derivation of iPSCs?

    <p>Nuclear reprogramming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical question might be discussed concerning induced pluripotent stem cells?

    <p>The moral status of creating human embryos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which specific cells in an embryo are embryonic stem cell lines predominantly derived?

    <p>Inner cell mass cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that contains embryonic stem cells before isolation?

    <p>Blastocyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the original ESC research by Martin, what type of cells were used to condition the media for stem cell culture?

    <p>Teratocarcinoma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which embryonic layer does the inner cell mass give rise to in the developing embryo?

    <p>All three germ layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stem cells are primarily studied for their potential to differentiate into various cell types?

    <p>Embryonic stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a blastocyst is primarily responsible for nutrient exchange before implantation?

    <p>Trophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key characteristic differentiates embryonic stem cells from other types of stem cells?

    <p>They are pluripotent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are teratocarcinomas primarily derived from?

    <p>Germ cell tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely growth factor released by the teratocarcinoma cell line that maintained the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells?

    <p>LIF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to define a cell line as pluripotent?

    <p>Ability to survive in any environmental condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the identification of the growth factor released by teratocarcinoma cells significant?

    <p>It provided insight into the mechanisms of pluripotency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do teratocarcinoma cells play in embryonic stem cell research?

    <p>They provide a suitable growth environment for embryonic stem cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a known role of BMP4 in stem cell biology?

    <p>Promotes mesoderm differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to lead to the loss of pluripotency in stem cells?

    <p>Differentiation due to external signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of embryonic stem cells in research?

    <p>Studying developmental biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the classification of a cell line as pluripotent?

    <p>The ability to form teratomas in vivo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element might enhance the understanding of stem cell differentiation pathways?

    <p>Identifying teratocarcinoma-derived growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Workshop #1 Overview

    • Workshop #1 for DEV3032 is designed to consolidate major unit concepts.
    • Active preparation and participation are valuable but not directly assessed.
    • The workshop aims to enhance understanding of examined concepts.

    Workshop Objectives

    • Students will review embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) theory.
    • Students will identify and analyse iPSC derivation and differentiation techniques.
    • Students will discuss ethical considerations regarding iPSCs.
    • Students will work together in peer discussions to generate consensus responses.

    Workshop Logistics

    • A brief introduction will be presented.
    • A segment of the workshop will be focused on specific topics.
    • Workshop questions will be discussed in a group setting. Participation by speaking up or adding to the chat is encouraged.
    • Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are provided as study tools to identify correct and incorrect responses and provide explanations.

    Pluripotent Stem Cells

    • Section 1 focuses on the theory, techniques, and ethics of pluripotent stem cells.

    Manuscript Readings (Embryonic Stem Cells)

    • Murine embryonic stem cells were initially cultured in 1981 by the Kaufman and Martin groups, later human cells were reported in 1998.

    • Links to the first two murine ESC papers provided.

    • Pluripotent cells are found in mouse embryos at a certain stage of development (early to post-implantation).

    • These cells are able to form chimaeric animals or teratocarcinomas, and can be cultured,

    • Pluripotent cell lines can be obtained directly from mouse blastocyst cultures.

    • Established Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC) lines are crucial in developmental research.

    Manuscript Readings (Embryonic Stem Cells cont.)

    • Embryonic stem cells can be isolated directly from normal pre-implantation mouse embryos.
    • Pluripotent stem cells were shown to be able to differentiate into different types of cells.
    • Medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma can stimulate the growth or inhibit differentiation of normal pluripotent embryonic cells.
    • This method facilitates isolation of various types of non-inbred embryo cells (including potential mutant genes) for development research.

    Manuscript Readings (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - iPSCs)

    • In 2006, the Yamanaka group's research provided the first report of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
    • This report describes the derivation of de-differentiated adult cells.

    Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - iPSCs (cont.)

    • A link to the primary iPSC paper is provided.
    • The methods for induced pluripotent stem cell generation are detailed and discussed in the article.
    • Key factors identified by Yamanaka for deriving iPSCs are listed.

    Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - iPSCs (cont.)

    • Understanding the four factors' function is also highlighted
    • The mouse cell type used in Yamanaka's iPS cell production were foreskin fibroblasts.
    • The epigenetic evaluation of two key genes, OCT3/4 and SOX2, is highlighted as key evidence supporting the acquisition of pluripotency in Yamanaka's Research

    Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - iPSCs (cont.)

    • Discuss methods/delivering techniques.
    • Comparison of various methods/techniques for germ cell derivation including efficiency and safety.

    Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - iPSCs (cont.)

    • Focus on ethics associated with both human and mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.

    • Discuss the history of the usage of human cells and the ethical issues raised by the current methods and technologies of developing iPSCs.

    • Consider implications of creating iPSCs.

    • Consider privacy implications and the rights of the patient whose cells are used.

    Workshop summary and next steps

    • A summary recap and lookahead to future workshops focusing on stem cell research in reproductive biology.

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    Related Documents

    DEV3032 2024 Workshop 1 Answers PDF

    Description

    This workshop aims to consolidate major concepts related to embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Participants will review theoretical principles, analyze derivation and differentiation techniques, and discuss ethical considerations. Active participation through peer discussions and multiple-choice questions will enhance understanding of the material.

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