avian med? mod 6 huge
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Questions and Answers

Which test is recommended for diagnosing PBFD in birds?

  • Faeces test
  • Blood test
  • PCR testing (correct)
  • Feather pulp test

    • What should be done with birds that test positive for PBFD in an aviary outbreak?

  • Keep them isolated
  • Remove and euthanize them (correct)
  • Retest them after 90 days
  • Keep them under observation

    • When should an individual bird be considered diseased if it tests positive for PBFD?

  • After 90 days (correct)
  • After 30 days
  • After 60 days
  • Immediately

    • What is the most important reason for quarantine and health screening of birds entering a collection?

    <p>To prevent contamination by asymptomatic infected birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs may indicate respiratory disease in birds?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial species is NOT typically associated with respiratory disease in birds?

    <p>Mycobacterium avium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has been shown to be effective in apparently clearing positive cases of chlamydiosis in cockatiels?

    <p>Doxycycline hyclate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of doxycycline hyclate for cockatiels?

    <p>15 mg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is now questioned for its efficacy in treating chlamydiosis?

    <p>Baytril</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be withheld during therapy with doxycycline?

    <p>Mineral supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of abscessation is often associated with hypovitaminosis A in birds?

    <p>Sterile abscessation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to occlusion of the nares in birds?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common presenting sign of chlamydiosis in birds?

    <p>Nasal discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can chlamydiosis be transmitted to humans?

    <p>Inhalation of aerosol of bird faeces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common source of chlamydiosis infection in psittacine birds?

    <p>Cockatiels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for chlamydiosis?

    <p>10-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of entry for Chlamydia psittaci in the host bird?

    <p>Respiratory epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended testing protocol for newly purchased or sick psittacine birds?

    <p>Test for chlamydiosis regardless of signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the preferred method for collecting samples from the nares?

    <p>Choanal swabs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal composition of the choana flora?

    <p>Predominantly Gram positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inflammation is typically associated with bacterial sinusitis?

    <p>Mixed cell inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms is frequently implicated in URT infections?

    <p>Mycoplasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for mycotic infections?

    <p>Enrofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus has been implicated in chronic respiratory disease but is rare in the UK?

    <p>Laryngotracheitis virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is considered the gold standard for detecting the organism causing chlamydiosis?

    <p>Cell culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is more accurate in detecting the organism causing chlamydiosis, with no false positives as long as samples are not mixed up?

    <p>Faecal PCR test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can be used to determine the level of immunity in a bird's system to the organism causing chlamydiosis?

    <p>Serological test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is currently considered the best test available for detecting the organism causing chlamydiosis?

    <p>Immunocomb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can be performed in-house and provides an immediate result, but requires the assessment of shades of grey?

    <p>Immunocomb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if chlamydial inclusions are found in the impression smear made from the spleen during a post mortem?

    <p>Abandon the post mortem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for detecting Aspergillosis in psittacine birds?

    <p>Endoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of birds are most susceptible to Aspergillosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs is highly suggestive of the syringeal form of Aspergillosis?

    <p>Change or loss of voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is recommended for diagnosing Syngamus trachea infection in psittacine birds?

    <p>Tracheal wash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of excessive egg laying in pet birds?

    <p>Urinogenital problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for goitre/trauma in birds?

    <p>Addition of Lugols Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of birds are commonly predisposed to excessive egg laying?

    <p>Budgerigar, lovebird, and cockatiel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary plane for hens with excessive egg laying?

    <p>Improve the dietary plane of the hen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a medical option for preventing egg laying in cockatiels?

    <p>Implanting GnRH (Suprelorin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for controlling breeding behavior in birds?

    <p>Implanting GnRH (Suprelorin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred technique for treating egg binding in birds if the egg is of minimal value?

    <p>Surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of most cases of egg binding in birds?

    <p>Fluid and circulatory deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign of diseases affecting the trachea and primary bronchi in birds?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the avian trachea and the trachea in mammals?

    <p>The avian trachea has incomplete tracheal rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glottis in birds?

    <p>To control airflow during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can cause diseases affecting the trachea and primary bronchi in birds?

    <p>Parasitic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of parasitic respiratory disease in birds?

    <p>Trichomonas spp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common respiratory bacterial pathogen isolated in birds?

    <p>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential treatment for respiratory disease caused by Sternostoma tracheocolum in birds?

    <p>Ivermectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of medication is effective at a local level without the risk of toxic systemic effects in birds?

    <p>Nebulization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common respiratory bacterial pathogen isolated in birds?

    <p>Klebsiella pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for aspiration pneumonia in birds?

    <p>Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used to treat Sternostoma tracheocolum infection in birds?

    <p>Ivermectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of diseases affecting the trachea and primary bronchi?

    <p>Loss or change of voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the avian trachea and the trachea in mammals?

    <p>The avian trachea has complete rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of diseases affecting the trachea and primary bronchi?

    <p>Viral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is recommended for visualizing tracheal parasites and collecting aspirates in birds with lower respiratory tract disease?

    <p>Endoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal pathogen is the most common cause of aspergillosis in psittacine birds?

    <p>Aspergillus spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of birds are most susceptible to aspergillosis?

    <p>African Greys, Amazons, and cockatoos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended medical option for preventing egg laying in cockatiels?

    <p>GnRH (Suprelorin) implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important factor in addressing chronic egg laying problems in birds?

    <p>Early recognition and prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential causes of feather abnormalities or plucking in birds?

    <p>Allergies and ectoparasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of subcutaneous emphysema in birds?

    <p>Goitre/trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for goitre/trauma in birds?

    <p>Addition of Lugols Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing excessive egg laying in pet birds?

    <p>Improving the dietary plane of the hen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites should always be excluded in all bird species?

    <p>Endoparasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done in the morning after hanging a white sheet around the bird cage at night?

    <p>Study the inside of the sheet for mites or lice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction can be triggered by the presence of a gut parasite in birds?

    <p>Type 4 hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bird species frequently experiences problems caused by endoparasites?

    <p>Cockatiels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of examination should be performed by the clinician in all cases to exclude gut parasites?

    <p>Faecal examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of feather plucking in birds?

    <p>Medical causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing feather plucking in birds if medical causes are excluded?

    <p>Environmental enrichment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of poorly or unevenly clipped wings in birds?

    <p>Neater feather appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of behavioral modifying drugs in managing feather plucking in birds?

    <p>Catalyst for husbandry changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing feather plucking in birds if the bird fails to respond to environmental enrichment?

    <p>Behavioral modifying drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of traumatic injury in birds?

    <p>Feather plucking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of imping in managing feather plucking in birds?

    <p>To improve feather appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing feather plucking in birds if a psychological cause is suspected?

    <p>Psychological treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a major lifestyle makeover in managing feather plucking in birds?

    <p>To return life to normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing feather plucking in birds if medical causes are excluded and environmental enrichment is ineffective?

    <p>Behavioral modifying drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of feather plucking in pet birds?

    <p>Boredom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mental age of a pet bird?

    <p>4-year-old child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of chronic feather plucking in birds?

    <p>Skin cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trigger for feather plucking in pet birds?

    <p>Owner's attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended method of behavioral modification for attention-seeking feather plucking in birds?

    <p>Ignoring the bird</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of feather plucking in pet birds due to boredom?

    <p>Lack of routine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential solution for managing separation anxiety-related feather plucking in birds?

    <p>Combination of medication and behavioral modification training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of plucking in birds?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can be used in the initial stages of retraining a bird with plucking behavior?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of breeder frustration in birds?

    <p>Plucking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of plucking in birds?

    <p>Excessive preening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended long-term solution for breeder frustration in birds?

    <p>Behavioral modification training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of obsessive compulsive disorders in birds?

    <p>Stereotypic behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of sudden plucking behavior in birds?

    <p>Itchy skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking in birds?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often the first sign of abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking in birds?

    <p>Loss of powder down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a useful telltale sign of abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking in birds?

    <p>Haemorrhage into feathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the single most significant contributory factor in pet birds experiencing abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking?

    <p>Malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT recommended for managing abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking in birds?

    <p>Placing vitamin powder on top of seed diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should birds be forced onto a new diet for managing abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking?

    <p>When they are healthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking in birds if medical causes are excluded?

    <p>Environmental enrichment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of feather plucking in birds?

    <p>Feather clipping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of raptor trauma cases have eye damage?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when assessing the likelihood of a bird returning to full normal function?

    <p>Eyesight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of environmental enrichment in managing feather plucking in birds?

    <p>To reduce stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing feather plucking in birds if medical causes are excluded and environmental enrichment is ineffective?

    <p>Behavioral modifying drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of most cases of egg binding in birds?

    <p>Excessive egg laying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of entry for Chlamydia psittaci in the host bird?

    <p>Respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dose of doxycycline hyclate for cockatiels?

    <p>5 mg/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus has been implicated in chronic respiratory disease but is rare in the UK?

    <p>Psittacine beak and feather disease virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential psychological cause of feather plucking in birds?

    <p>Loneliness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the day does a normal bird in the wild spend preening?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended method for managing attention-seeking feather plucking in birds?

    <p>Using a time-out method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential solution for managing separation anxiety-related feather plucking in birds?

    <p>Keeping the bird busy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking in birds?

    <p>Malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often the first sign of abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking in birds?

    <p>Loss of powder down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking in birds if medical causes are excluded?

    <p>Discuss improved diets with a veterinarian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of most cases of abnormal feathers, poor plumage, and plucking in birds?

    <p>Malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of feather plucking in birds?

    <p>Medical therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a major lifestyle makeover in managing feather plucking in birds?

    <p>To break the disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing feather plucking in birds if a psychological cause is suspected?

    <p>Environmental enrichment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended medical option for preventing egg laying in cockatiels?

    <p>Feather clipping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surgical intervention is recommended for stabilizing fractures in birds?

    <p>Using a hybrid or tie in fixator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of using 1.3mm mini compression plates for avian fractures?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of birds is the use of 1.3mm mini compression plates particularly useful for coracoid repairs?

    <p>Large birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are avian fractures least well suited to plate repair techniques?

    <p>Thin cortical walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of plucking in birds?

    <p>Obsessive compulsive disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for breeder frustration in birds?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of poorly or unevenly clipped wings in birds?

    <p>Feather plucking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glottis in birds?

    <p>To regulate airflow during breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone is one of the commonest sites for deviations in juvenile birds?

    <p>Distal tibiotarsus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed in relation to their longitudinal alignment and correct alignment when a juvenile bird has deviations in its long bones?

    <p>Bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered before embarking on surgery for correcting deviations in the long bones of a juvenile bird?

    <p>The bird's welfare aspects, likely final outcome, and costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment for tarsal varus or vulgus in juvenile birds?

    <p>Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of osteoarthritis in birds?

    <p>Chronic inflammatory joint disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in correcting scissor beak in young birds?

    <p>Creating a dental acrylic ramp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for bragnatism in birds?

    <p>Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for split mandible in birds?

    <p>Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for angel wing in birds?

    <p>Reducing the rate of growth and strapping the wing against the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of metabolic bone disease in birds?

    <p>Abnormality in the Ca:P:D3 content of the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are most commonly affected by deficiency in chicks?

    <p>Tibiotarsus at the level of the fibular crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for correcting long bone deviations in chicks with deficiency?

    <p>Closely applied aluminum finger splints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal frequency for changing aluminum finger splints in chicks with deficiency?

    <p>Every 2-3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method of restraining chicks with splints to prevent undue pressures?

    <p>Slinging or suspending the chick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones may be affected in severe cases of deficiency in chicks?

    <p>Femur, ulnar, radius, humerus, ribs, and pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended age for correcting long bone deviations in chicks with splints?

    <p>When the bones are still soft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of deficiency in chicks?

    <p>Dietary or ultraviolet light deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of deficiency in chicks?

    <p>Weakness, defective hyoid apparatus, and swollen epiphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing deficiency in chicks with marked clinical signs?

    <p>Euthanasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for correcting long bone deviations in chicks with deficiency when the bones are still soft?

    <p>Closely applied aluminum finger splints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of splay leg in birds?

    <p>Lack of calcium in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for providing a restricted diet with added Ca and D3 prior to slinging in birds?

    <p>3-4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered before attempting surgery for splay leg in birds?

    <p>The bird's welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using tape hobbles, rearing in a round bottomed bowl, or taping legs inside a drinking cup for splay leg in birds?

    <p>To get the legs back into a biological position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only option for treating splay leg in birds if the bones have finished growing?

    <p>Multiple osteotomies and de-rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the diet be corrected for splay leg in birds?

    <p>Before slinging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential cause of splay leg in birds growing up nesting on a smooth surface?

    <p>Lack of calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for providing a restricted diet with added Ca and D3 prior to slinging in birds with splay leg?

    <p>3-4 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered before attempting surgery for splay leg in birds?

    <p>The bird's welfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using tape hobbles, rearing in a round bottomed bowl, or taping legs inside a drinking cup for splay leg in birds?

    <p>To get the legs back into a biological position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only option for treating splay leg in birds if the bones have finished growing?

    <p>Multiple osteotomies and de-rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the diet be corrected for splay leg in birds?

    <p>Before slinging</p> Signup and view all the answers

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