Desktop Publishing (DTP) Basics

• Electronic gadgets like mobile phones, calculators, and digital watches are not allowed in the examination hall.
• Students suspected or found cheating will be rejected, and no excuses will be accepted by the exam controller.
• Students are expected to write their exams independently, or face a deduction of 0.25 marks per discussion.

Desktop Publishing (DTP)

• The primary purpose of desktop publishing software is to create and design printed materials.
• Microsoft Excel is NOT an example of desktop publishing software.
• PDF is the most commonly used file type for printing in desktop publishing.
• "Bleed" refers to the area that extends beyond the page's edge to ensure no white borders.
• A "font family" is best described as a typeface consisting of regular, bold, italic, and other variations.
• Illustrator is commonly used for vector graphics in desktop publishing.
• "Leading" is the term for the space between lines of text in desktop publishing.
• An important consideration when choosing fonts for a publication is the readability and appropriateness for the target audience.
• "Kerning" refers to the space between individual characters of text in desktop publishing.
• A "template" in desktop publishing is a pre-designed layout that can be customized.
• "DPI" in desktop publishing stands for Dots Per Inch.
• A "master's page" controls the layout and style of other pages in a document.
• 300 dpi is the typical resolution for high-quality printing in desktop publishing.
• "Tracking" involves adjusting the overall spacing between all characters in a block of text.
• Simple text formatting options are an essential feature of professional desktop publishing software.
• A "proof" is a document's final draft for approval before printing.
• A benefit of using vector graphics in desktop publishing is that they can be scaled to any size without losing quality.
• "CMYK" defines the color settings for print designs using Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black.
• TIFF is a commonly used format for exporting high-quality images in desktop publishing.
• "Widow" refers to a single word or short line of text left at the bottom of a page.

Adobe Photoshop

• The primary function of Adobe Photoshop is image manipulation and editing.
• The Crop Tool is used to remove unwanted portions of an image.
• CMYK is the color mode most commonly used for printing images.
• The "Layers" panel is used to organize and edit different elements of an image independently.
• The Magic Wand Tool selects based on color similarity.
• The "Clone Stamp Tool" duplicates selected pixels from one area to another.
• Ctrl + Z is the shortcut to undo the last action.
• The "Healing Brush Tool" is used to paint over areas of an image to blend them with surrounding pixels.
• Adjustment Layers are used to adjust the overall color and tone of an image.
• Ctrl + + is the shortcut to zoom in.
• The Pen Tool is a vector-based tool.
• PNG is commonly used for saving images with transparent backgrounds.
• The "Content-Aware Fill" feature replaces selected areas with pixels from the surrounding area.
• The Brush Tool is used to paint on an image.
• The "Layer Mask" allows you to hide parts of a layer without permanently deleting them.
• The "Gaussian Blur" filter creates a blurry effect to soften an image or selection.
• The "Crop Tool" removes unnecessary areas from an image.
• "Smart Objects" are used to allow non-destructive editing of layers.
• The Polygonal Lasso Tool can be used to select areas of an image with straight lines.
• The PSD file format supports multiple layers and is typically used for editing.

Adobe PageMaker

• The primary use is desktop publishing.
• Adobe PageMaker is considered layout and design software.
• The file extension used for Adobe PageMaker files is .pmd.
• The most common use of Adobe PageMaker is for creating posters, brochures, and newsletters.
• The "Text Frame" tool creates and edits text blocks.
• The correct way to change the page size is by choosing "File" > "Document Setup".
• The Graphics Frame Tool is used to create and manipulate graphics.
• The ability to create 3D models is NOT a feature of Adobe PageMaker.
• "Master Pages" are used to create consistent layouts across multiple pages.
• The "Baseline Grid" assists with aligning text to the same baseline across pages.
• Ctrl + Shift + D is the shortcut for duplicating an object.
• The Text Alignment panel is used to adjust the alignment of text within a text frame.
• Use the "File" > "Place" option to import text from a Word document.
• PDF format can be used to export a PageMaker document.
• The Rectangle Tool creates simple rectangular or square shapes.
• The "Flow Text" feature flows text into multiple frames across pages.
• Apply a style to a paragraph of text using the Paragraph Styles palette.
• A main advantage of using "Paragraph Styles" is that it saves time and ensures consistency across large documents.
• The "Crop Tool" removes unwanted portions of images or graphics.
• A PageMaker publication can include Text, Graphics, and Tables.

Internet & Multimedia

• "WWW" stands for World Wide Web.
• HTTP is the main protocol for browsing websites.
• .mp4 is commonly used for video files on the internet.
• "URL" stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
• CSS, HTML, and JavaScript can be used to display multimedia content on a website.
• The purpose of a web browser is to view and navigate websites.
• Adobe Premiere Pro is a popular multimedia editing software.
• .jpg is commonly used to display images on the internet.
• "Streaming" means watching videos or listening to music in real-time without downloading.
• Skype is used for online video conferencing.
• A search engine allows users to find information on the internet.
• .mp3 is used for audio files.
• The main purpose of the "HTTP" protocol is to display websites.
• Flash is used for interactive multimedia content on websites.
• .svg is used for vector-based graphics on the web.
• YouTube is a common streaming service for video content.
• .avi is a video file format commonly used for online media.
• "Bandwidth" refers to the maximum data transfer rate of a network.
• "Cloud computing" is using the internet to access computing services like storage, processing, and applications.
• Microsoft PowerPoint is multimedia presentation software.

Program Installing

• The first step in installing a program is downloading or obtaining the installation file.
• .exe files are commonly associated with installation files for Windows.
• A "setup wizard" is a graphical interface that guides users through the installation process.
• "Run as Administrator" allows the program to run with administrative privileges for higher system access.
• A software license agreement informs the user of the terms and conditions of using the software.
• Checking the operating system version is important to ensure program compatibility.
• An installer package contains all the components required to install a program.
• If a system doesn't meet the minimum requirements, the installation may fail or cause errors.
• .dmg is a common software installation package type for macOS.
• Choosing the installation directory allows the user to decide where the program's files will be stored.
• The "Repair" option typically fixes errors in the installation process.
• Restarting the computer before starting installation is NOT a typical installation step.
• A "silent installation" occurs without any user intervention.
• A readme file or user guide is typically included to ensure a smooth installation.
• The "Uninstall" option removes the program from the system.
• A "beta version" tests a pre-release version for bugs and feedback.
• "Bundling" means installing additional, optional software alongside the main program.
• An "auto-update" feature checks for and installs new updates automatically.
• Downloading and installing software from an untrusted source can infect the system with malware or viruses.
• An installation log file documents every action taken during the installation process.

HTML

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
• The correct way to write an HTML tag is <html>.
• The <p> tag defines an HTML paragraph.
• The <a> tag creates a hyperlink.
• The <head> tag defines the header section containing metadata and links to external resources.
• <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css"> links an external CSS file.
• The <ol> tag defines an ordered list.
• The <table> tag creates a table.
• The <img> tag defines an image.
• The <title> tag specifies the title of the webpage that appears in the browser tab.
• src attribute specifies an image source.
• <!-- This is a comment --> adds comments.
• The <h1> tag defines the largest heading.
• The <br> tag inserts a line break.
• The <form> tag defines a form.
• <strong> and <b> makes text bold.
• The default display property of a <div> tag is Block.
• <a href="http://example.com">Link</a> specifies a link.
• target="_blank" opens a link in a new tab.
• The <li> tag defines a list item.
• <!-- This is a comment --> creates a comment.
• The <footer> tag defines a footer.
• The <select> tag creates a drop-down list.
• color is NOT a valid HTML attribute.
• The <meta> tag specifies metadata like the character set or keywords.
• The alt attribute provides alternative text for an image.
• The <hr> tag displays a horizontal line.
• The <span> tag groups inline elements.
• The lang attribute specifies the language of the webpage.
• The <ul> tag defines an unordered list.

CSS

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
• background-color changes the background color of an HTML element.
• <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> links an external CSS file.
• .class-name targets an element with a specific class.
• #header {} selects an element with an ID of "header".
• font-size changes the font size.
• The default value of the position property is static.
• color changes the text color.
• font-weight: bold; makes text bold.
• .highlight {} applies CSS to an HTML element with the class "highlight".
• p {} applies a CSS style to all <p> elements.
• font-family changes the font.
• width changes the width of an element.
• line-height controls the space between lines of text.
• body { background-color: blue; } sets the background color of the body to blue.
• <div style="color: blue;"> writes an inline CSS style.
• z-index defines the stacking order of elements.
• padding controls the space between the content and the border of an element.
• float aligns an element to the left or right of its container.
• margin is used to create space between elements.
• @keyframes creates a CSS animation.
• a:hover { color: red; } makes a text link appear in a different color when hovered over.
• font-style: italic; makes a font italic.
• The defalut value of the position property is static.
• max-height sets the maximum height of an element.
• display specifies how an element should be displayed (inline, block, etc.)
• <div class="class1 class2"> specifies multiple CSS classes on the same HTML element.
• The default value of the float property is none.
• A single rule applies multiple CSS styles to an element, ex: element { color: red; background-color: yellow; }.
• border-style sets the border of an element.

Java

• The default value of a boolean variable is false.
• real is NOT a valid data type.
• final int x = 10; is the correct way to declare a constant.
• max() is a method of the Math class.
• public class Main {} is the correct way to start a Java program.
• The String class is a subclass of Object.
• new creates an instance of a class.
• An int is 32 bits in Java.
• The result of int a = 5; int b = 2; System.out.println(a / b); is 2.
• The super keyword calls the constructor of the parent class.
• try-catch handles exceptions.
• Default (no modifier) allows access to a class member only within its own package.
• null is the default value of an object reference.
• int[] arr = new int[5]; or int arr[] = new int[5]; creates an array of integers.
• length finds the length of an array.
• instanceof checks if an object is an instance of a class or subclass.
• break terminates a loop.
• Scanner reads data from the console.
• parseInt() converts a string to an integer.
• until is NOT a valid loop structure.