Design Thinking and Problem Solving

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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of choosing the right problem-solving altitude?

It provides clear direction but limited space to innovate

In the context of design, what is the purpose of hypothesis testing?

To test a theory through tangible concepts and ideas

What is the primary difference between deduction and induction in design?

Deduction involves logically correct reasoning, while induction involves design challenges

What is the purpose of framing in design?

To define the design challenge and abstract categories to explore Signup and view all the answers

What determines the approach and methods used in design?

The organization's capabilities and willingness to pursue a direction Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the two general patterns for approach?

They involve significant and transformational opportunities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the research phase in the human-centered design process?

To collect data and make sense of it Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the analysis phase in the human-centered design process?

To refine insights and identify key issues Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is aligned with the '4 square' model of human-centered design?

Double diamond problem solving Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the synthesis phase in the human-centered design process?

To generate many ideas for potential solutions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the framing phase in the human-centered design process?

Defining the problem statement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of Step 1 in the 9-step approach to transformational innovation?

Identify candidate problem frames using altitude and approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of framing a problem at a higher level?

It provides a more comprehensive understanding of the problem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the three screens in Step 2?

To identify an appropriate problem frame Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the approach that involves considering the original problem statements and framing them at a higher level?

Ascend Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the approach that involves carving out a more focused, specific sub-problem from the original problem statement?

Descend Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of pursuing directions that are currently not possible due to business model, operating model, brand, or beliefs?

It unlocks new opportunities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Design Thinking

Design can be viewed as logically correct reasoning, using evidence to arrive at a solution.
Theory building involves researching and inducing hypotheses, which can be transformed into testable hypotheses.

Approaching Problem Solving

The altitude of problem-solving can be adjusted to focus on abstract categories or discreet activities.
Higher-level thinking provides more freedom to innovate but lacks clear direction, while lower-level thinking has clear direction but limited space to innovate.
Examples of altitude levels include:
- Abstract category: Mobility
- Broad activity: Air travel
- Discreet activity: The check-in experience

Framing and Approach

Framing involves selecting the right problem-solving approach and altitude.
Two general patterns for approach are:
- Significant: opportunities aligned with organizational capabilities.
- Transformational: opportunities that intentionally disrupt and require willingness to pursue.

Human-Centered Design Process

The human-centered design process involves four stages:
- Research
- Analysis
- Synthesis
- Communication and prototyping
The four-square model is aligned with the double diamond problem-solving approach.

Double Diamond Problem Solving

The double diamond approach involves:
- Diverge (Research): gathering data and understanding what happened.
- Converge (Analysis): refining insights and understanding what is happening.
- Diverge (Synthesis): generating many ideas and understanding what can be done.
- Converge (Communication and prototyping): selecting what to do about it.

Identifying Candidate Problem Frames

Step 1 involves identifying candidate problem frames using altitude and approach.
This involves considering the original problem statements and:
- Ascending to higher-level frames to explore broader opportunities.
- Descending to more focused frames to address specific sub-problems.

Running Three Screens

Step 2 involves running three screens to identify an appropriate problem frame:
- Screen 1: prioritizing frames based on frequency, criticality, size of audience, and distinctiveness.
- (Screens 2 and 3 are not mentioned in the provided text)

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