Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a property of long-term memory?
Which of the following is NOT a property of long-term memory?
The Scripts Model helps in guiding users through a series of actions.
The Scripts Model helps in guiding users through a series of actions.
True
What are the two main types of long-term memory?
What are the two main types of long-term memory?
Episodic memory and semantic memory
What does providing affordances in design primarily address?
What does providing affordances in design primarily address?
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Windows operating system uses a graphical user interface that includes ______ and ______.
Windows operating system uses a graphical user interface that includes ______ and ______.
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What is one benefit of using breadcrumbs in web design?
What is one benefit of using breadcrumbs in web design?
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An explosion of controllable elements in design simplifies the design process.
An explosion of controllable elements in design simplifies the design process.
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Name one method of idea generation in design.
Name one method of idea generation in design.
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Which command-line interface is an example of a scripting tool?
Which command-line interface is an example of a scripting tool?
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Responsive design adapts to different screen sizes.
Responsive design adapts to different screen sizes.
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Match the menu styles with their descriptions:
Match the menu styles with their descriptions:
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What are key considerations when designing for mobile interfaces?
What are key considerations when designing for mobile interfaces?
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A good conceptual model helps users develop a mental model of how a system ______.
A good conceptual model helps users develop a mental model of how a system ______.
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Which principle emphasizes the importance of indicating a design's purpose?
Which principle emphasizes the importance of indicating a design's purpose?
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The gulf of execution refers to the gap between a user's expectations and the actions they need to perform.
The gulf of execution refers to the gap between a user's expectations and the actions they need to perform.
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Match the following design principles with their descriptions:
Match the following design principles with their descriptions:
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Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are typically more efficient than command-line interfaces (CLIs) for all tasks.
Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are typically more efficient than command-line interfaces (CLIs) for all tasks.
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Voice interfaces typically rely on accurate __________ to be effective.
Voice interfaces typically rely on accurate __________ to be effective.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interaction design prototypes?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interaction design prototypes?
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Name one of the seven stages of Norman's model of interaction.
Name one of the seven stages of Norman's model of interaction.
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Name one example of a common menu style found in GUIs.
Name one example of a common menu style found in GUIs.
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Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the complexity of design?
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the complexity of design?
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Apple.com uses complex jargon to maintain natural dialogue in design.
Apple.com uses complex jargon to maintain natural dialogue in design.
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Feedback helps to inform users of action __________.
Feedback helps to inform users of action __________.
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Match the following mobile design considerations with their explanations:
Match the following mobile design considerations with their explanations:
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Match the following principles to their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following principles to their corresponding descriptions:
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What is co-design?
What is co-design?
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What is a benefit of striving for consistency in design?
What is a benefit of striving for consistency in design?
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3D printing applications are limited to manufacturing only model jet engines.
3D printing applications are limited to manufacturing only model jet engines.
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Which of the following addresses the gulf of interpretation in Norman's model?
Which of the following addresses the gulf of interpretation in Norman's model?
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What is the primary function of SmartTask in user interactions?
What is the primary function of SmartTask in user interactions?
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Natural mappings ensure that controls are unintuitive and difficult to use.
Natural mappings ensure that controls are unintuitive and difficult to use.
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Real-time movement tracking does not require any sensors.
Real-time movement tracking does not require any sensors.
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What is an example of a natural mapping in design?
What is an example of a natural mapping in design?
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What are the specific actions taken to achieve a user's goals called?
What are the specific actions taken to achieve a user's goals called?
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The model that decomposes tasks into fundamental components is known as ______.
The model that decomposes tasks into fundamental components is known as ______.
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Match the evaluation technique to its focus:
Match the evaluation technique to its focus:
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Which of the following modalities is NOT mentioned as part of multimodal interfaces?
Which of the following modalities is NOT mentioned as part of multimodal interfaces?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a single-touchscreen device?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a single-touchscreen device?
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Tasks and goals are synonymous in user evaluation contexts.
Tasks and goals are synonymous in user evaluation contexts.
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What technology can be used for facial recognition in real-time movement tracking?
What technology can be used for facial recognition in real-time movement tracking?
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Coded prototypes are primarily useful for projects requiring low-fidelity testing.
Coded prototypes are primarily useful for projects requiring low-fidelity testing.
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What is one key benefit of using a coded prototype?
What is one key benefit of using a coded prototype?
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Multi-touch surfaces support actions such as ______, flicking, pinching, pushing, and tapping.
Multi-touch surfaces support actions such as ______, flicking, pinching, pushing, and tapping.
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What happens when the number of gestures for multi-touch interaction is limited?
What happens when the number of gestures for multi-touch interaction is limited?
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Coded prototypes should prioritize code reusability over speed of prototyping.
Coded prototypes should prioritize code reusability over speed of prototyping.
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Name one dynamic action that can be performed on a multi-touch surface.
Name one dynamic action that can be performed on a multi-touch surface.
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Match the following devices with their interaction type:
Match the following devices with their interaction type:
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Study Notes
Design Principles
- Donald Norman's design principles aim for intuitive user interfaces
- Key principles include affordances (design clearly indicating purpose), minimizing the Gulf of Interpretation and Execution (reducing gaps between user expectations and actions), using natural mappings (intuitive controls), making state visible (keeping users informed of system status), providing feedback (informing users of action outcomes), and using a clear conceptual model (understandable system workings) to enhance user experience.
Norman's Model of Interaction
- Norman's seven stages of interaction are:
- Establishing the goal (e.g., turning on a light, buying a product online)
- Forming the intention (e.g., planning to press a switch, using website search)
- Specifying the action sequence (e.g., pressing the switch, entering keywords, clicking "Add to Cart")
- Executing the action (e.g., pressing the switch, interacting with website search)
- Perceiving the system state (e.g., seeing the light turn on, viewing search results)
- Interpreting the system state (e.g., determining if the light works, assessing search results relevance)
- Evaluating the system state (e.g., determining sufficient lighting, confirming product addition to cart)
Design Challenges and Implications
- Design complexity results from an explosion of controllable elements, a shift towards virtual displays, increasing marketplace pressure, and growing design error consequences.
- Making current states and action alternatives visible addresses the gulf of interpretation.
- A good conceptual model with consistent system image addresses the gulf of execution.
- Mappings revealing relationships between stages address both gulfs.
- Continuous feedback addresses the gulf of interpretation
Idea Creation in Design Process
- Idea generation methods include finding new uses, adapting, modifying, magnifying/adding to, minimizing/subtracting, substituting, rearranging, changing viewpoint and combining data.
Conceptual Model in Design
- A good conceptual model allows users to develop a mental model of how a system works.
- Aligning the design with this mental model enables intuitive interaction and prediction of action effects.
Design Principles (Continued)
- Emphasizing simple and natural dialogue reduces jargon and ensures intuitive interactions.
- Maintaining consistency in design improves usability by reducing cognitive load.
- Providing informative feedback enhances user control and understanding of actions.
- Minimizing memory load using recognition over recall improves user experience.
Short-Term Memory
- George Miller's theory suggests short-term memory can hold approximately seven (plus or minus two) chunks of information.
Command Line Interfaces (CLIs)
- CLIs use text commands for interacting with a system.
- They are efficient for automation and scripting, but require learning specific commands.
- CLIs are valuable for web scripting and document editing.
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
- GUIs utilize visual elements like windows, icons, and menus for user interaction.
- GUIs enhance usability by using pointing devices, but may be less efficient than CLIs for specific tasks.
Windows and Menus in GUIs
- Windows improve usability for simultaneous viewing and task management.
- Different GUI menu styles (e.g., flat lists, drop-downs, pop-ups, collapsible menus) offer varying space efficiencies.
- Icons improve interaction through visual representations of commands and tools, enhancing user experience.
Icon Design Considerations
- Clear mapping between icons and their functions is crucial for immediate recognition and understanding.
- Consistent icon design across different screens enhances usability.
Multimedia in Interfaces
- Multimedia interfaces combine various media types (graphics, text, audio, video) to create interactive experiences.
- Multimedia enhances engagement, presentation, and learning styles.
Virtual Reality (VR) Interfaces
- VR interfaces offer immersive experiences, a sense of presence, and enable interactive applications in gaming, training, and virtual tours.
Interaction Types and Interface Styles
- Interaction Types describe user actions (instructing, responding etc).
- Interface Styles are the methods supporting interaction (command-based, menu-based, gesture-based, voice-based, etc).
Conversational Interface Model
- The conversational model facilitates interactions in a familiar way.
- Voice assistants are an example, but misunderstandings can occur.
Direct Manipulation Interaction
- Direct manipulation provides quick learning, efficient task completion, good retention, and a strong sense of control.
- Limitations include potential misinterpretations, not all tasks being suitable for this approach, potentially-space-consuming elements, and potentially slower interaction for some actions than keyboard shortcuts.
Exploring as an Interaction Type
- Exploring involves navigating virtual or physical environments.
- This interaction type actively engages users in their surroundings.
System-Initiated Notifications
- System-initiated notifications are alerts triggered by the system based on user behavior or context (location, past actions).
- They help proactively inform the user of relevant information.
Website Design Considerations
- Website design must prioritize clear information architecture for easy navigation and balance aesthetics and usability.
Web Design Styles
- Responsive design adapts to different screen sizes.
- Infinite scrolling offers continuous scrolling without page breaks.
Mobile Interface Considerations
- Design for varying user dexterity levels, appropriate target sizes (touch targets), and screen sizes.
- Minimizing cognitive load, and using easily usable navigation methods are crucial.
Voice Interface
- Voice interfaces use spoken language for interaction.
- They're effective for information requests and transactions but reliant on speech recognition accuracy.
Multimodal Interfaces
- Multimodal interfaces combine diverse input and output methods (touch, sight, sound, speech) for more expressive interactions.
Prototyping Techniques
- Prototyping helps in evaluation, feedback, communication, testing and improving design.
- Low-fidelity prototypes are quick and simple, with methods like sketching, index cards, and storyboards
High-Fidelity Prototyping
- High-fidelity prototypes mimic the final product visually and functionally.
Co-Design
- Co-design emphasizes shared creativity and learning.
- Collaboration with multi-disciplinary teams is crucial throughout the design process.
Keystroke Level Model (KLM)
- KLM is a part of GOMS, that analyzes the execution phase of user actions
- KLM includes operators related to physical motor actions (keystrokes, pointing, etc.) and mental processes.
- Execution times for these actions are empirically determined.
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Description
Explore the essential design principles outlined by Donald Norman, aimed at creating intuitive user interfaces. This quiz covers key concepts such as affordances, natural mappings, and the seven stages of interaction to enhance user experience and system effectiveness.
