Design Movements: Arts and Crafts
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Questions and Answers

When did the Arts and Crafts movement occur?

1850 - 1914

Where did the Arts and Crafts movement originate?

Britain

Name two designers associated with the Arts and Crafts movement.

William Morris, Charles Rennie Mackintosh

What are common design features of the Arts and Crafts movement?

<p>Floral fabrics, natural patterns and textural materials, all hand-crafted</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who heavily influenced the Arts and Crafts movement?

<p>John Ruskin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Aesthetic movement take place?

<p>Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Aesthetic movement occur?

<p>1870 - 1900</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one designer from the Aesthetic movement.

<p>Aubrey Beardsley</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main design features of the Aesthetic movement?

<p>The nature of art, beauty and taste with the creation and appreciation of beauty</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the Aesthetic movement?

<p>Inspired by Japanese culture and the art form of Japanese woodwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Art Nouveau movement originate?

<p>Paris, France</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Art Nouveau movement take place?

<p>1890 - 1914</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two designers associated with Art Nouveau.

<p>Victor Horta, Alphonse Mucha</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Art Nouveau?

<p>Flowing depiction of leaves and flowers, very feminine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inspired the Art Nouveau movement?

<p>Natural forms and structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Deutscher Werkbund occur?

<p>1907 - 1935</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the Deutscher Werkbund based?

<p>Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one designer from the Deutscher Werkbund.

<p>Walter Gropius</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of the Deutscher Werkbund?

<p>Steel, glass, clean and usually white, greys, black</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the Deutscher Werkbund?

<p>Efforts to inspire good design and craftsmanship for mass-produced goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Futurism movement occur?

<p>1910 - 1920</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was Futurism primarily based?

<p>Italy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one designer associated with Futurism.

<p>Umberto Boccioni</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Futurism?

<p>Abstract art form with bright colours, sculptures, complex typography</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the Futurism movement?

<p>Cubism with repetitive lines and angles</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Constructivism occur?

<p>1919</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was Constructivism based?

<p>Russia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one designer associated with Constructivism.

<p>El Lissitzky</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Constructivism?

<p>Typography, photographs, bold colours, geometric shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced Constructivism?

<p>Abandoning other styles to pursue cubism</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Dada movement take place?

<p>1916 - 1923</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was Dada primarily based?

<p>Europe, Switzerland</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one designer from the Dada movement.

<p>Hannah Hoch</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Dada?

<p>Collage, random words, images, abstract</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the Dada movement?

<p>Created unconventional imagery and included chance results</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the De Stijl movement originate?

<p>Dutch</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the De Stijl movement occur?

<p>1917</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a designer from the De Stijl movement.

<p>Theo van Doesburg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of De Stijl?

<p>Geometric shapes (rectangle and square) use of primary colours</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced De Stijl?

<p>Minimized design to the essential focus on form and colour</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Bauhaus movement occur?

<p>1919 - 1933</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the Bauhaus movement based?

<p>Germany</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a designer associated with the Bauhaus movement.

<p>Ludwig Mies van der Rohe</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of the Bauhaus movement?

<p>Functional designs with no ornamentation, bold primary colours</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the Bauhaus movement?

<p>The German design school</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the International Style occur?

<p>1920 - 1980</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the International Style centered?

<p>New York</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one designer from the International Style.

<p>Philip Johnson</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of the International Style?

<p>Architectural design, plain surface, rectangle, glass, steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the International Style?

<p>Mass production from basic construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Art Deco movement occur?

<p>1920 - 1940</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the Art Deco movement based?

<p>Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one designer associated with Art Deco.

<p>Cassandre</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Art Deco?

<p>Streamlined geometric shapes, design that represented power and speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the Art Deco movement?

<p>Embraced influences from many different styles and movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Pop Art movement take place?

<p>1950 - 1970</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the Pop Art movement mainly based?

<p>Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one designer associated with Pop Art.

<p>Roy Lichtenstein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Pop Art?

<p>Bright, quirky colours, ordinary objects turned into art</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the Pop Art movement?

<p>A reaction against abstract painting, considered too sophisticated</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Organic Design movement occur?

<p>1867 - 1959</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a designer associated with Organic Design.

<p>Frank Lloyd Wright</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Organic Design?

<p>Harmony between human and the natural world</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced Organic Design?

<p>Buildings should be made from the land and benefit the land</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Streamlining movement occur?

<p>1930 - 1950</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was Streamlining primarily based?

<p>America</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Streamlining?

<p>Horizontal orientation, rounded edges, chrome hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced Streamlining?

<p>The demand for transportation during a booming economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Radical Design & Anti Design occur?

<p>1960 - 1980</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was Radical Design & Anti Design primarily based?

<p>Italy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one designer associated with Radical Design & Anti Design.

<p>Vico Magistretti</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Radical Design & Anti Design?

<p>Striking colours and prints, irony, distorted scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced Radical Design & Anti Design?

<p>Concerns about the environment and limitations of capitalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Eco Design begin?

<p>1970</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two designers associated with Eco Design.

<p>Aviva Rahmani, Emma Woffenden</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Eco Design?

<p>Wood, eco-friendly, recyclable materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced Eco Design?

<p>The rise in awareness of greenhouse gases and deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Post Modern Design occur?

<p>1970</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a designer associated with Post Modern Design.

<p>Aldo Rossi</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Post Modern Design?

<p>Non-orthogonal angles and unusual surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced Post Modern Design?

<p>To see the connection between the designer and the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Memphis movement occur?

<p>1981 - 1987</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the Memphis movement based?

<p>Milan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a designer associated with the Memphis movement.

<p>Alessandro Mendini</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of the Memphis movement?

<p>Bright colours, fabrics and ceramics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the Memphis movement?

<p>Art Deco, Pop Art, and political statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did Digital Design begin?

<p>1984</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two designers associated with Digital Design.

<p>John Bielenberg, Otl Aicher</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the design features of Digital Design?

<p>Computer-based, photography</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced Digital Design?

<p>The era today has influenced the move immensely</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Arts and Crafts Movement

  • Timeframe: 1850 - 1914
  • Origin: Britain
  • Prominent designers: William Morris, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Frank Lloyd Wright
  • Features: Hand-crafted items with floral fabrics, natural patterns, and textural materials
  • Influences: Writer John Ruskin and reactions against the Industrial Revolution's complex Victorian styles

Aesthetic Movement

  • Timeframe: 1870 - 1900
  • Origin: Europe
  • Notable designers: Aubrey Beardsley, James Abbott McNeil Whistler
  • Characteristics: Focus on the nature of art, beauty, and taste in creating and appreciating beauty
  • Influence: Japanese culture and woodwork

Art Nouveau

  • Timeframe: 1890 - 1914
  • Origin: Paris, France
  • Key figures: Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Victor Horta, Alphonse Mucha
  • Design elements: Flowing designs inspired by leaves and flowers, often feminine in style
  • Influences: Natural forms, curved lines, and structures

Deutscher Werkbund

  • Timeframe: 1907 - 1935
  • Location: Germany
  • Designers: Peter Behrens, Julius Klinger, Walter Gropius
  • Design traits: Use of steel, glass, and clean color palettes (whites, greys, blacks)
  • Influence: Aimed to enhance design and craftsmanship for mass production

Futurism

  • Timeframe: 1910 - 1920
  • Location: Italy
  • Key artists: Giacomo Balla, Carlo Carrà, Umberto Boccioni
  • Design attributes: Abstract forms, bright colors, complex typography, and fragmented shapes
  • Influences: Cubism, emphasizing dynamic repetition in visuals

Constructivism

  • Origin: 1919 in Russia
  • Notable creators: Vladimir Tatlin, El Lissitzky, Valentina Kulagina
  • Design style: Bold typography, photographs, geometric shapes, and vibrant colors
  • Influence: Shifted from Cubist styles to a unique Constructivist approach

Dada Movement

  • Timeframe: 1916 - 1923
  • Location: Europe, particularly Switzerland
  • Prominent figures: Tristan Tzara, Kurt Schwitters, Man Ray, Hannah Höch
  • Design features: Emphasis on collage, random imagery, and abstract concepts
  • Influences: Focused on unconventional composition and chance-driven results

De Stijl

  • Origin: Netherlands, established in 1917
  • Key figures: Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld
  • Design characteristics: Predominantly geometric shapes (rectangles and squares) featuring primary colors
  • Influence: Streamlined design that prioritizes form and color

Bauhaus

  • Timeframe: 1919 - 1933
  • Location: Germany
  • Leading designers: Walter Gropius, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Marcel Breuer
  • Design traits: Functional designs devoid of ornamentation, using basic materials and bold primary colors
  • Influence: Established a seminal German design school

International Style

  • Timeframe: 1920 - 1980
  • Location: New York
  • Key designers: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson, Saul Bass
  • Design features: Architectural designs characterized by plain surfaces, rectangles, glass, and steel
  • Influences: Emerged from post-war mass production trends

Art Deco

  • Timeframe: 1920 - 1940
  • Origin: Paris
  • Noteworthy designers: Cassandre, Thea Proctor, Pierre Legrain, Walter Jardine
  • Design features: Streamlined shapes representing speed, power, and modern technology
  • Influence: A departure from Art Nouveau, incorporating diverse early 20th-century styles

Pop Art

  • Timeframe: 1950 - 1970
  • Origin: Britain
  • Prominent figures: Robert Rauschenberg, Richard Hamilton, Roy Lichtenstein
  • Characteristics: Bold colors, transformations of ordinary objects into art with vibrant hues
  • Influences: Responded against abstract painting, aiming to reintegrate art into daily life

Organic Design

  • Timeframe: 1867 - 1959
  • Notable designer: Frank Lloyd Wright
  • Design features: Harmonizes human needs with the natural environment, creating unified compositions
  • Influence: Draws from the belief that architecture should integrate with the land

Streamlining

  • Timeframe: 1930 - 1950
  • Location: America
  • Key design features: Emphasizes horizontal orientation with rounded edges and chrome accents
  • Influences: Emerged during the transportation boom, evoking speed through aesthetics

Radical Design & Anti-Design

  • Timeframe: 1960 - 1980
  • Origin: Italy
  • Key figures: Vico Magistretti, Gianfranco Frattini, Livio Castiglioni
  • Unique characteristics: Use of striking colors, irony, distorted scales, and kitsch elements
  • Influences: Addresses environmental concerns and capitalism's limitations

Eco Design (1970s Onwards)

  • Initiated: 1970
  • Notable designers: Aviva Rahmani, Emma Woffenden
  • Design elements: Focus on eco-friendly, recycled materials, and wooden elements
  • Influences: Increased awareness of environmental issues

Postmodern Design

  • Origin: 1970
  • Key designers: Aldo Rossi, Barbara Bielecka, Richard Bofill
  • Design characteristics: Non-orthogonal angles with unique surface treatments
  • Influence: Revived connections between designers and users

Memphis Group

  • Timeframe: 1981 - 1987
  • Location: Milan
  • Influential designers: Alessandro Mendini, Andrea Branzi
  • Design traits: Uses vibrant colors, fabrics, and ceramics
  • Influences: Blends Art Deco and Pop Art influences while challenging class design boundaries

Digital Design

  • Initiated: 1984
  • Notable designers: John Bielenberg, Otl Aicher
  • Characteristics: Emphasizes computer-based design and photography
  • Influences: The current era has heavily shaped digital design advancements

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