Podcast
Questions and Answers
What would be the median of the following set of numbers: 3, 5, 9, 1, 7?
What would be the median of the following set of numbers: 3, 5, 9, 1, 7?
- 5 (correct)
- 3
- 6
- 7
The mode of a dataset is always the largest number in that dataset.
The mode of a dataset is always the largest number in that dataset.
False (B)
What does a T test compare?
What does a T test compare?
It compares the averages of two groups.
In psychology, _____ focuses on how rewards and punishments can affect our actions.
In psychology, _____ focuses on how rewards and punishments can affect our actions.
Match the psychological perspectives with their definitions:
Match the psychological perspectives with their definitions:
In correlation, what does a value of -1 signify?
In correlation, what does a value of -1 signify?
Feeling of helplessness can prevent individuals from trying new challenges.
Feeling of helplessness can prevent individuals from trying new challenges.
Describe the key finding of Pavlov's Dog Experiment.
Describe the key finding of Pavlov's Dog Experiment.
What was the primary lesson learned from the teacher's divided class based on eye color?
What was the primary lesson learned from the teacher's divided class based on eye color?
The Little Albert Experiment showed that fear cannot be learned through conditioning.
The Little Albert Experiment showed that fear cannot be learned through conditioning.
What preference did babies show in Fantz's Looking Chamber?
What preference did babies show in Fantz's Looking Chamber?
The experiment conducted by Elizabeth Loftus revealed the concept of __________, showing how memories can be influenced.
The experiment conducted by Elizabeth Loftus revealed the concept of __________, showing how memories can be influenced.
Match the following experiments with their main findings:
Match the following experiments with their main findings:
What did the Surrogate Mother Experiment by Harry Harlow show?
What did the Surrogate Mother Experiment by Harry Harlow show?
The Hawthorne Effect indicates that people may change their behavior when they know they are being observed.
The Hawthorne Effect indicates that people may change their behavior when they know they are being observed.
What factor influenced participants' memories in the Car Crash Experiment?
What factor influenced participants' memories in the Car Crash Experiment?
Flashcards
Mean
Mean
The average of a set of numbers. Calculated by summing the numbers and dividing by the count.
Median
Median
The middle value in a sorted list of numbers. If there are two middle values, the median is the average of those two.
Mode
Mode
The most frequently occurring number in a dataset.
T-test
T-test
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Correlation
Correlation
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Positive Correlation
Positive Correlation
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Negative Correlation
Negative Correlation
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Biological Psychology
Biological Psychology
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Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive Dissonance
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The Milgram Study
The Milgram Study
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Learned Fear (Little Albert)
Learned Fear (Little Albert)
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Attachment Theory (Surrogate Mother)
Attachment Theory (Surrogate Mother)
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Memory Distortion (Car Crash)
Memory Distortion (Car Crash)
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The Hawthorne Effect
The Hawthorne Effect
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Fantz's Study
Fantz's Study
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Class Divided Experiment
Class Divided Experiment
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Study Notes
Descriptive Statistics
- Mean: Sum of all numbers divided by the total number of numbers.
- Median: Middle number when numbers are ordered. If there are two middle numbers, the average of these is taken.
- Mode: Most frequent number.
- T-test: Used to compare the means of two groups, determining if there's a significant difference.
- Correlation: Measures the relationship between two variables. Values range from -1 to +1.
- Perfect positive correlation (+1): Variables move in the same direction.
- High positive correlation (0.9-1): Strong positive relationship.
- Low positive correlation (0.5-0.9): Weaker positive relationship.
- No correlation (0): No relationship between variables.
- Low negative correlation (-0.5- -0.9): Variables move in opposite directions but weaker.
- High negative correlation (-0.9 to -1): Strong negative relationship.
- Perfect negative correlation (-1): Variables move in opposite directions.
- 0.05 significance level: If the correlation or group means have a p-value less than .05, it suggests a significant difference.
Psychological Perspectives
- Biological Psychology: Examines how the brain and body influence thoughts and behaviours, including medications.
- Physiology: Studies the workings of the body.
- Psychoanalysis: Explores unconscious mind and past experiences to understand current behaviour.
- Behavioral Psychology: Focuses on how rewards and punishments shape behaviour.
- Cognitive Psychology: Explores how the mind processes information and shapes perspectives.
- Humanistic Psychology: Emphasizes the human potential for self-improvement.
Famous Studies
- Pavlov's Dog Experiment: Associating a neutral stimulus (bell) with a biologically significant stimulus (food) leading to learned response (drooling).
- Asch Conformity Study: People conform to the majority opinion, even when it's incorrect.
- Learned Helplessness Experiment: Repeated exposure to unavoidable negative stimuli can lead to a learned inability to cope or avoid future situations.
- Bobo Doll Experiment: Observational learning of aggressive behaviours. Children copy aggressive behaviours exhibited by adults.
- A Class Divided: Illustrates how easily people can be manipulated into prejudice behaviours based on superficial differences.
- Cognitive Dissonance Experiment: Individuals rationalize or change beliefs to align them with their behaviours.
- Fantz's Looking Chamber: Babies preferentially look at faces, suggesting innate preference.
- Milgram Study: Obedience to authority figures, even when causing harm to others.
- Little Albert Experiment: Classical conditioning of fear in a child.
- Surrogate Mother Experiment: Illustrates that comfort and bonding are crucial for development, not just food.
- Car Crash Experiment: How memory recollection is influenced by leading questions.
- Hawthorne Effect: Study participation influenced behaviours during studies.
- Kitty Genovese Case: Illustrates the bystander effect - less likely to help when others are present.
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