Descriptive Statistics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What would be the median of the following set of numbers: 3, 5, 9, 1, 7?

5 (correct)

The mode of a dataset is always the largest number in that dataset.

False

What does a T test compare?

It compares the averages of two groups.

In psychology, _____ focuses on how rewards and punishments can affect our actions.

Behavioral psychology Signup and view all the answers

Match the psychological perspectives with their definitions:

Biological Psychology = How our brains and bodies affect our thoughts and behaviors Cognitive Psychology = How our minds process information Psychoanalysis = Exploring the unconscious mind Humanistic Psychology = Treating individuals with compassion and focusing on self-improvement Signup and view all the answers

In correlation, what does a value of -1 signify?

Perfect Negative Correlation Signup and view all the answers

Feeling of helplessness can prevent individuals from trying new challenges.

True Signup and view all the answers

Describe the key finding of Pavlov's Dog Experiment.

Dogs learned to associate the sound of a bell with food, leading them to drool at the sound alone. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary lesson learned from the teacher's divided class based on eye color?

People can treat others unfairly based on small differences. Signup and view all the answers

The Little Albert Experiment showed that fear cannot be learned through conditioning.

False Signup and view all the answers

What preference did babies show in Fantz's Looking Chamber?

Babies preferred looking at face-like pictures. Signup and view all the answers

The experiment conducted by Elizabeth Loftus revealed the concept of __________, showing how memories can be influenced.

false memories Signup and view all the answers

Match the following experiments with their main findings:

A Class Divided = Unfair treatment based on minor differences Milgram Study = Following authority figures under duress Surrogate Mother Experiment = Importance of comfort over nourishment Hawthorne Effect = Change in behavior due to observation Signup and view all the answers

What did the Surrogate Mother Experiment by Harry Harlow show?

Comfort and affection are critical for development. Signup and view all the answers

The Hawthorne Effect indicates that people may change their behavior when they know they are being observed.

True Signup and view all the answers

What factor influenced participants' memories in the Car Crash Experiment?

The wording of the questions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Descriptive Statistics

Mean: Sum of all numbers divided by the total number of numbers.
Median: Middle number when numbers are ordered. If there are two middle numbers, the average of these is taken.
Mode: Most frequent number.
T-test: Used to compare the means of two groups, determining if there's a significant difference.
Correlation: Measures the relationship between two variables. Values range from -1 to +1.
- Perfect positive correlation (+1): Variables move in the same direction.
- High positive correlation (0.9-1): Strong positive relationship.
- Low positive correlation (0.5-0.9): Weaker positive relationship.
- No correlation (0): No relationship between variables.
- Low negative correlation (-0.5- -0.9): Variables move in opposite directions but weaker.
- High negative correlation (-0.9 to -1): Strong negative relationship.
- Perfect negative correlation (-1): Variables move in opposite directions.
0.05 significance level: If the correlation or group means have a p-value less than .05, it suggests a significant difference.

Psychological Perspectives

Biological Psychology: Examines how the brain and body influence thoughts and behaviours, including medications.
Physiology: Studies the workings of the body.
Psychoanalysis: Explores unconscious mind and past experiences to understand current behaviour.
Behavioral Psychology: Focuses on how rewards and punishments shape behaviour.
Cognitive Psychology: Explores how the mind processes information and shapes perspectives.
Humanistic Psychology: Emphasizes the human potential for self-improvement.

Famous Studies

Pavlov's Dog Experiment: Associating a neutral stimulus (bell) with a biologically significant stimulus (food) leading to learned response (drooling).
Asch Conformity Study: People conform to the majority opinion, even when it's incorrect.
Learned Helplessness Experiment: Repeated exposure to unavoidable negative stimuli can lead to a learned inability to cope or avoid future situations.
Bobo Doll Experiment: Observational learning of aggressive behaviours. Children copy aggressive behaviours exhibited by adults.
A Class Divided: Illustrates how easily people can be manipulated into prejudice behaviours based on superficial differences.
Cognitive Dissonance Experiment: Individuals rationalize or change beliefs to align them with their behaviours.
Fantz's Looking Chamber: Babies preferentially look at faces, suggesting innate preference.
Milgram Study: Obedience to authority figures, even when causing harm to others.
Little Albert Experiment: Classical conditioning of fear in a child.
Surrogate Mother Experiment: Illustrates that comfort and bonding are crucial for development, not just food.
Car Crash Experiment: How memory recollection is influenced by leading questions.
Hawthorne Effect: Study participation influenced behaviours during studies.
Kitty Genovese Case: Illustrates the bystander effect - less likely to help when others are present.

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Description

Test your knowledge of descriptive statistics concepts such as mean, median, mode, t-test, and correlation. This quiz will help you understand how to analyze data and evaluate relationships between variables effectively.