Dermis and Subcutaneous Layers
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes the stratum corneum?

  • It is exclusively found in thin skin.
  • It consists of flat, keratinized cells. (correct)
  • It has a high concentration of keratohyalin granules.
  • It contains nuclei within its cells.

    • Which statement is true regarding the stratum granulosum?

  • It is the outermost layer of the epidermis.
  • Its cells contain keratohyalin granules. (correct)
  • It contains living cells without any granules.
  • It appears between the stratum lucidum and stratum corneum.

    • What layer is solely found in thick skin?

  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum lucidum (correct)

    • What is the structural appearance of keratinized cells in the stratum corneum?

    <p>They are flat and adhere to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of intercellular bridges observed in the epidermis?

    <p>To facilitate communication between keratinocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers of the epidermis is immediately below the stratum corneum?

    <p>Stratum lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary content of the cells found in the stratum granulosum?

    <p>Keratohyalin granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of cells in the stratum corneum no longer possessing nuclei?

    <p>They are dead and primarily serve a protective role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these processes contributes to the formation of intercellular bridges in the epidermis?

    <p>Interactions between the spinous processes of neighboring cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes thick skin from thin skin regarding epidermal layers?

    <p>Thick skin has an additional layer, the stratum lucidum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural protein found in nails?

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skin has a significantly thicker stratum corneum?

    <p>Thick skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is thick skin specifically located?

    <p>On the palms and soles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle causes hair to stand on end, creating goosebumps?

    <p>Arrectores pilorum muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin type contains a fine checkerboard pattern of ridges?

    <p>Thin skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about blood vessels in thick skin?

    <p>They are abundant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the epidermis is directly above the stratum basale?

    <p>Stratum spinosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the epidermis of thick skin from that of thin skin?

    <p>Absence of pilosebaceous units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cells thick is the stratum basale?

    <p>One cell thick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the stratum spinosum?

    <p>It has spinous processes on their surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinguishing feature of thick skin compared to thin skin?

    <p>Thick skin has a thicker stratum corneum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell junction is primarily found in the stratum spinosum?

    <p>Desmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are melanocytes primarily located within the skin layers?

    <p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for the thickening in thick skin?

    <p>Stratum lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skin contains fewer sebaceous glands?

    <p>Thick skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to skin structure, what is the primary function of the nail bed lining?

    <p>To anchor the nail plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the dermis?

    <p>Dense irregular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for the detection of light touch in the skin?

    <p>Meissner corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the subcutaneous layer?

    <p>Binding skin to underlying organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gland opens directly into the hair follicle?

    <p>Sebaceous gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Merkel cells in the skin?

    <p>Detect light touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the skin is primarily composed of coarse bundles of collagenous fibers?

    <p>Reticular layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pacinian corpuscles are primarily responsible for detecting which of the following?

    <p>Pressure or firm touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue primarily allows the skin to slide over underlying structures?

    <p>Loose connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sweat glands in the skin?

    <p>Thermoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the identified pointed structure?

    <p>Secretion of sweat and pheromones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following layers is NOT typically identified in the pointed structure?

    <p>Fibrous connective tissue layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gland is characterized by the absence of secretion in a defined duct system?

    <p>Endocrine gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staining technique is specifically employed to visualize certain structures in the hair follicle?

    <p>Hematoxylin and eosin staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures IS present in both eccrine and apocrine glands?

    <p>Ductal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes apocrine glands from eccrine glands?

    <p>The method of secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily responsible for the protective function of the outer layers of the pointed structure?

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of eccrine glands in thermoregulation?

    <p>Secreting water to cool the skin surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a hair follicle is primarily involved in hair growth?

    <p>Hair bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following regions are apocrine glands primarily located?

    <p>Axillary and groin areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dermis

    • Composed of dense irregular connective tissue with two layers:
      • Papillary Layer:
        • Superficial layer containing loose connective tissue.
        • Houses blood vessels (subpapillary vascular plexus), nerves, and lymphatic vessels.
        • Dermal papillae may contain sensory nerve endings (Meissner’s corpuscles).
      • Reticular Layer:
        • Deeper layer with dense, irregular connective tissue.
        • Contains collagenous and elastic fibers along with hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nerves, and deep plexus of blood vessels.

    Subcutaneous Layer

    • Also known as hypodermis or superficial fascia.
    • Composed of loose connective tissue binding skin to underlying organs.
    • Contains adipocytes, with varying numbers and sizes based on nutritional state.

    Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

    • Free nerve endings: Detect pain and temperature.
    • Merkel cells: Light-touch receptors associated with sensory fibers.
    • Meissner’s corpuscles: Detect light touch, located in the dermal papillae.
    • Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles: Larger receptors located deeper in the dermis and subcutaneous layer; detect pressure and firm touch.

    Skin Appendages

    • Hair Follicle: Invagination of epidermis; consists of external dermal root sheath and internal epidermal root sheath, expanded basally into the hair bulb.
    • Sebaceous Gland: Simple or branched saccular gland; duct opens into hair follicle forming the pilo-sebaceous unit.
    • Sweat Gland: Convoluted tubular gland; duct opens directly onto the skin surface; vital for thermoregulation.
    • Nails: Horny plates made of hard keratin on dorsal surfaces of fingers and toes.
    • Arrectores pilorum Muscle: Smooth muscle attached to hair follicle; contraction causes hair to stand up (gooseflesh).

    Thick and Thin Skin

    • Thick Skin:
      • Found in palms and soles.
      • Thick stratum corneum, abundant sweat glands, thicker dermal papillae, prominent surface ridges, rich blood supply, absent pilosebaceous units.
    • Thin Skin:
      • Found on the face and other body areas.
      • Fine checkerboard ridges, moderate pilosebaceous units and sweat glands; stratum corneum not significantly thickened.

    Layers of the Epidermis

    • Stratum Basale (SB): Deepest layer; single cell thick.
    • Stratum Spinosum (SS): Several cell thick; spinous processes create intercellular bridges.
    • Stratum Granulosum (SGr): Contains keratohyalin granules.
    • Stratum Corneum (SC): Surface layer of keratinized, flat cells lacking nuclei.
    • Stratum Lucidum: Present in thick skin; lies between stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

    Cell Junctions and Melanocyte Location

    • Cell junctions in stratum spinosum consist of intercellular bridges (desmosomes).
    • Melanocytes are located in the stratum basale.

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    Skin and Skin Appendages Histology Lab Manual PDF

    Description

    Explore the structure and function of the dermis and subcutaneous layers of the skin. Learn about the papillary and reticular layers, their components, and the cutaneous sensory receptors involved in sensation. This quiz focuses on key anatomical features and their contributions to skin health.

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