Tumor
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Tumor

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Questions and Answers

Which biologic drug is used for treating melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation?

  • Imatinib
  • Ipilimumab
  • Rituximab
  • Vemurafenib (correct)

    • In patients with metastasis involving less than 5 organs, what is the first-line biologic treatment for melanoma?

  • Dacarbazine
  • Pembrolizumab (correct)
  • Ipilimumab
  • Nivolumab

    • Which drug is used as a second-line treatment for melanoma in patients with metastasis involving less than 5 organs?

  • Vemurafenib
  • Cobimetinib
  • Ipilimumab (correct)
  • Trametinib

    • What is the target of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>CTLA-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biologic drug targets the MEK pathway in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>Trametinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of melanoma, what is the target of Imatinib and Nilotinib?

    <p>C-KIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used as a third-line treatment for melanoma in patients with metastasis involving less than 5 organs?

    <p>IL2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Ipilimumab in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>CTLA-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    9

    Signup and view all the answers

    Case of melanoma with spread to LN, what is the treatment?

    <p>Nivolumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the mechanism of action of Vismodegib?

    <p>Activate hedgehog pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association of a skin-colored solitary nodule under the eye in a child with Von Kossa stain positive?

    <p>Tendon calcification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step in the management of a patient with iatrogenic Kaposi and no systemic affection while on azathioprine & prednisolone?

    <p>Add chemotherapy for Kaposi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene product is associated with Gorlin Syndrome?

    <p>A membrane-bound receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor is indicated by a scalp lesion showing keratoacanthoma?

    <p>Surgical excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Bleomycin for intralesional therapy?

    <p>Promote apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immunohistochemical stain would be helpful in making the diagnosis of Lymphomatoid papulosis?

    <p>CD30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activation of which protein leads to cell cycle arrest?

    <p>P21 (CDK inhibitor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonest malignancy transformation associated with lymphomatoid papulosis?

    <p>CTCL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The histopathology of spindle cells in a storiform pattern is associated with which genetic abnormality?

    <p>Deletion ch16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a male patient presenting with plaque pigmentation on the leg and testing positive for HHV8, what treatment would be most appropriate?

    <p>Sirolimus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association of keratoacanthoma with intralesional therapy?

    <p>Bleomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best treatment for a patient with mycosis fungoides, patch stage for 3 years?

    <p>Phototherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein inhibits the BCl2 apoptosis inhibitor, leading to cell death?

    <p>Puma (apoptosis inducer)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another site where a small yellow nodule on the scalp, as seen in a small girl, might occur?

    <p>Eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does activation of P21 (CDK inhibitor) affect the cell cycle?

    <p>Leads to cell cycle arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with recurrent crops of papules that ulcerate and then spontaneously heal with hyperpigmentation. What is the treatment for lymphomatoid papulosis?

    <p>Methotrexate (MTX)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next investigation for an ulcerated melanoma with a Breslow depth of 0.85?

    <p>SLNB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common malignant tumor arising from nevus sebaceous?

    <p>Sebaceous carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Muir-Torre syndrome (Lynch syndrome), what DNA repair gene is missing in the presence of a lesion formed of basaloid cells and sebaceous gland on the nose?

    <p>MSH6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Actinic Keratosis if it presents as multiple lesions?

    <p>Excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the histopathology of Squamous Cell Carcinoma, what is the typical site of the lesion?

    <p>Back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common benign tumor arising from nevus sebaceous?

    <p>Trichoblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step for a brown lesion on the back that has been present for 6 weeks?

    <p>Biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene defect is associated with Birt-hogg-Dube syndrome?

    <p><strong>Folliculin (FLCN) on Ch17</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of malignant melanoma with a Breslow depth of invasion measuring 0.8mm, what is the safety margin of excision (in mm)?

    <p>10 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient presents with scaly plaques on hands and feet, and has a history of Bazex syndrome, what associated neoplasm should be considered?

    <p>Thyroid cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biologic drug targets the MEK pathway in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>Trametinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of melanoma with spread to LN, what is the first-line biologic treatment?

    <p>Pembrolizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene defect is associated with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome?

    <p>FLCN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Imatinib and Nilotinib in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>C-KIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used as a second-line treatment for melanoma in patients with metastasis involving less than 5 organs?

    <p>Ipilimumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Vismodegib?

    <p>Inhibits Hedgehog signaling pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Bleomycin for intralesional therapy?

    <p>Induce DNA damage and lead to apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene defect is associated with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome?

    <p>Deletion ch16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association of a skin-colored solitary nodule under the eye in a child with Von Kossa stain positive?

    <p>Increase muscle weakness as it is pilomatricoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The protein product of the gene PTCH1 is which of the following? (Gorlin syndrome)

    <p>A membrane-bound receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>Block the PD-1 receptor on T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used as a second-line treatment for melanoma in patients with metastasis involving less than 5 organs?

    <p>Nilotinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step in the management of a patient with iatrogenic Kaposi and no systemic affection while on azathioprine & prednisolone?

    <p>Stop azathioprine and prednisolone immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step in the management of iatrogenic Kaposi without systemic affection in a patient on azathioprine and prednisolone?

    <p>Decrease dose of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with a highly progressive scalp tumor, what is the most appropriate treatment?

    <p>Mohs surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a male patient with a mass in his face showing vimentin positive, S100 negative, and CD 68 positive spindle-shaped cells, what type of tumor is most likely present?

    <p>Atypical fibroxanthoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonest malignancy transformation associated with lymphomatoid papulosis?

    <p>CTCL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of Kaposi and HHV8 positivity, what would be the most appropriate treatment?

    <p>Sirolimus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosome is associated with cylindroma?

    <p>17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment would be most appropriate for a single lesion of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma?

    <p>Excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of a tumor on the nose resembling keratoacanthoma or sebaceous carcinoma, which gene mutation is most likely present?

    <p>Mismatch repair gene 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next investigation needed for Langerhans cell histiocytosis?

    <p>X-ray on Spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein inhibits the BCl2 apoptosis inhibitor, leading to cell death?

    <p>PUMA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the histopathology of spindle cells in a storiform pattern, which genetic abnormality is associated?

    <p>Birt-hogg-Dube syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Ipilimumab in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>AKT (P13K AKT inhibit cell cycle arrest and apoptosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common benign tumor arising from nevus sebaceous?

    <p>Trichoblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with metastasis involving less than 5 organs, what is the first-line biologic treatment for melanoma?

    <p>Sonidegib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next investigation for an ulcerated melanoma with a Breslow depth of 0.85?

    <p>Sentinel LN biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene defect is associated with Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome?

    <p>Folliculin (FLCN) on Ch17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association of a skin-colored solitary nodule under the eye in a child with Von Kossa stain positive?

    <p>Langerhans cell histiocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is present in H/E of porokeratosis?

    <p>Parakeratosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of melanoma, what is the target of Imatinib and Nilotinib?

    <p>KIT mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonest malignancy transformation associated with lymphomatoid papulosis?

    <p>Merkel cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step for a brown lesion on the back that has been present for 6 weeks?

    <p>Biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>PD-1 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Vemurafenib and its alternative if not chosen?

    <p>BRAF V600E; Trametinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of melanoma, what is the first-line biologic treatment for patients with metastasis involving less than 5 organs?

    <p>Pembrolizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Cobimetinib and its alternative if not chosen?

    <p>MEK; Trametinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene mutation is most likely present in a case of a tumor on the nose resembling keratoacanthoma or sebaceous carcinoma?

    <p>BRAF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biologic drug is used for treating melanoma with PD-1 negative?

    <p>Ipilimumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Imatinib and Nilotinib in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>C-KIT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate treatment for a patient with iatrogenic Kaposi and no systemic affection while on azathioprine & prednisolone?

    <p>Shave excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient has a scalp tumor that appears to be keratoacanthoma. What would be the better treatment option between injection of Bleomycin or MTX?

    <p>Bleomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of a highly progressive tumor in the scalp, what would be the most likely diagnosis?

    <p>Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 40-year-old female presents with a generalized purpuric eruption all over her body and a sole ulcer. What is the most appropriate treatment option?

    <p>Cyclosporin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A small girl has a small yellow nodule on her scalp, what is another site where this type of lesion might occur?

    <p>Eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the commonest malignancy transformation associated with lymphomatoid papulosis?

    <p>CTCL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of Sezary syndrome, how long should the patient take contraception?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of P53?

    <p>PUMA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What DNA repair gene is missing in the presence of a lesion formed of basaloid cells and sebaceous gland on the nose?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best treatment for a patient with mycosis fungoides, patch stage for 3 years?

    <p>Nitrogen mustard topical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next investigation needed for Langerhans cell histiocytosis?

    <p>X-ray on: Cranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next investigation needed for a patient with Langerhans cell histiocytosis?

    <p>Bone marrow biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a case of melanoma with spread to bilateral lymph nodes, what is the second-line biologic treatment?

    <p>Ipilimumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Muir-Torre syndrome (Lynch syndrome), what DNA repair gene is missing in the presence of a lesion formed of basaloid cells and sebaceous gland on the nose?

    <p>MSH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common benign tumor arising from nevus sebaceous?

    <p>Trichoblastoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used as a second-line treatment for melanoma in patients with metastasis involving less than 5 organs?

    <p>Trametinib</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Vismodegib?

    <p>PTCH1 gene mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Imatinib and Nilotinib in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>KIT and PDGFRA mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with metastasis involving less than 5 organs, what is the first-line biologic treatment for melanoma?

    <p>Nivolumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is present in H/E of keratoacanthoma?

    <p>Parakeratosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with widespread porokeratosis, what is the treatment?

    <p>Cryotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Vismodegib?

    <p>Inhibit smoothed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The protein product of the gene PTCH1, associated with Gorlin Syndrome, is:

    <p>A membrane-bound receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association of a skin-colored solitary nodule under the eye in a child with Von Kossa stain positive?

    <p>Increase muscle weakness as it is pilomatricoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab in the treatment of melanoma?

    <p>PD-1 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with a mass in his face showing vimentin positive, S100 negative, and CD 68 positive spindle-shaped cells, what type of tumor is most likely present?

    <p>Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association of keratoacanthoma with intralesional therapy?

    <p>Lead to rapid regression of lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with metastasis involving less than 5 organs, what is the first-line biologic treatment for melanoma?

    <p>Pembrolizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next investigation needed for Langerhans cell histiocytosis?

    <p>Immunohistochemical staining for CD1a and S100 protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

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