Questions and Answers
What are the main goals of therapy for acne?
Alleviate symptoms, slow progression, limit disease duration, prevent scarring and hyperpigmentation, avoid psychological suffering.
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for acne?
Hormonal changes can aggravate acne.
True
Name two nonpharmacological treatments for acne.
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Match the following skin conditions with their primary treatment options:
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The skin condition characterized by rough, scaly skin is known as _____
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What is the role of pharmacy technicians in dermatological care?
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First-generation antihistamines for dermatitis cause drowsiness.
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Which of the following is a commonly recommended pharmacological treatment for dry skin?
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What is the primary cause of diaper dermatitis?
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Which insect repellent is known to effectively repel mosquitoes and ticks?
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_____ soap should be avoided in the treatment of dry skin.
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What is the typical healing time for acute wounds?
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Chronic wounds occur when healing has been delayed or impaired.
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Which of the following is a complication of wounds?
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What is a recommended method to minimize scarring during wound healing?
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The first step in self-treatment of minor wounds is to ______.
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Which of the following is a bactericidal cleansing agent?
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What does SPF stand for?
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What type of sunrays are primarily responsible for causing sunburn?
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What is photoaging?
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Which of the following is NOT a method to prevent sun damage?
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Match the following agents with their purpose:
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Name one common adverse reaction to topical antibiotics.
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What is advised for patients with diabetes regarding foot care?
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Suntan lotion is the same as sunscreen.
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Review definitions and descriptions of various skin conditions.
- Discuss non-prescription products for treatment.
- Identify drug mechanisms, interactions, adverse effects, contraindications, and allergies related to dermatological products.
Common Skin Conditions
- Acne: Increased sebum production, inflammation, and bacterial colonization; may cause scarring.
- Dermatitis: Includes various forms like atopic and contact dermatitis.
- Dry Skin (xerosis): Characterized by roughness, flaking, and itchiness; often related to moisture loss.
- Insect Bites: May lead to allergic reactions or disease transmission.
- Minor Cuts & Wounds: Disruption of skin structure due to trauma, requires specific management.
Pharmacist Prescribing for Minor Ailments
- Conditions include allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, diaper dermatitis, and musculoskeletal sprains.
- Pharmacists recommend topical analgesics, moisturizers, and oral antihistamines for symptomatic relief.
Pharmacists' Most Recommended Products
- Includes medications for eczema, dry skin relief, oral arthritis pain, and emergency contraception.
- Key recommendations feature benzoyl peroxide, hydrocortisone, and various moisturizing agents.
Role of Pharmacy Technicians
- Gather lifestyle and medical background to identify disease triggers.
- Ensure stock of moisturizers and facilitate patient education sessions.
- Assist in medication usage discussions through open-ended questions.
Acne
- Risk Factors: Family history, hormonal changes, and high testosterone levels.
- Goals of Therapy: Alleviate symptoms, limit progression, and prevent scarring.
- Aggravating Factors: Hormonal fluctuations, oil-based products, and environmental irritants.
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Treatments:
- Nonpharmacological: Mild cleansing regime, mechanical exfoliation, and dietary adjustments.
- Pharmacological: Benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, and antibiotics are commonly prescribed.
Dermatitis
- Diaper Dermatitis: Acute inflammatory reaction due to prolonged exposure to moisture combined with irritants.
- Goals of Therapy: Relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence.
- Pharmacological Treatment: Use of zinc oxide, topical antifungals for Candida, and low-potency corticosteroids in severe cases.
Dry Skin
- Characterized by water loss and potential for cracks and itchiness.
- Goals of Therapy: Restore hydration and maintain skin barrier integrity.
- Nonpharmacologic Treatment: Gentle cleansing methods and frequent moisturization.
- Pharmacological Treatment: Emollients, humectants, and barrier repair agents are suggested for effective management.
Insect Bites
- Treatment focuses on prevention and symptomatic relief of reactions.
- Prevention Strategies: Avoid scented products, wear protective clothing, and limit outdoor activity during peak insect hours.
- Pharmacologic Treatments: Include DEET for repellency and topical corticosteroids for itch relief.
Minor Cuts and Wounds
- Classification: Acute wounds heal quickly while chronic wounds require specialized management.
- Goals of Therapy: Optimize healing environment, prevent infection, and minimize discomfort.
- Wound Complications: Recognition of infection signs and the importance of keeping wounds clean and moist to reduce scarring.
Wound Management Steps
- Cleanse the wound gently and thoroughly.
- Apply pressure to control bleeding.
- Use appropriate dressings to protect and promote healing.### Cleansing and Antiseptic Agents
- Saline is a tissue-friendly cleansing agent.
- Isopropyl alcohol 70% is effective as a bactericidal disinfectant, used at 70% to 90%.
- Hydrogen peroxide 3% acts as an oxidizing agent with antiseptic and deodorant properties, but can impair wound healing and cause irritation.
- Iodine is preferred in water solution for disinfecting contaminated wounds, but is contraindicated in iodine allergy and may stain skin/clothing.
- Povidone-iodine is a broad-spectrum disinfectant for contaminated wounds and skin preparation but may cause systemic absorption issues.
Topical Antibacterials
- Topical antibiotics (bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B) provide broad coverage against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
- Resistance to these agents is uncommon but can develop with prolonged use; common side effects include localized itching and burning.
- Polysporin combines polymyxin B, bacitracin, and gramicidin; it should not be used on large areas, deep wounds, or serious burns.
Foot Care for People with Diabetes
- Regularly inspect feet for injuries.
- Bathe and keep feet moisturized to prevent dryness.
- Trim nails carefully to avoid ingrown toenails.
- Choose appropriate shoes and socks to protect feet.
Sunburn and the Skin
- Skin functions include protection against injury, controlling temperature, preventing microbial invasion, and blocking harmful sun radiation.
- Sun Protection Factor (SPF) rates sunscreen effectiveness; products range from SPF 4 to SPF 100.
UVA & UVB Sunrays
- UVA rays penetrate deeper layers, present all day, and can cause photoaging and skin cancer.
- UVB rays primarily damage the outer skin layers, causing sunburn and associated inflammatory responses; they are strongest between 10am and 4pm.
Sun-Induced Skin Damage
- Acute effects include sunburn and phototoxic reactions.
- Chronic effects lead to photoaging, pigmentary changes, and increased risk of skin cancers.
Goals of Therapy
- Aim to prevent sunburn, manage pain, minimize infection risk from burns, and reduce long-term damage like photoaging and skin cancer.
Photoaging
- Defined as premature skin aging from UV exposure; prevention methods include avoiding peak UV hours and wearing protective clothing.
Canadian Dermatology Association Recommendations
- Sunscreens should have at least SPF 30, broad-spectrum protection, be hypoallergenic, and minimally perfumed.
Pharmacological Treatment
- Sunscreen products significantly reduce tanning and sunburn; minimum SPF recommended is 30.
- Adverse effects may include skin sensitivity, allergic reactions, and worsening acne.
Sunscreens
- Active ingredients differ in UV protection; broad-spectrum sunscreens offer the best defense.
- Physical sunscreens reflect UV radiation while chemical sunscreens absorb it.
Drugs That May Cause Photosensitivity
- Certain antibiotics, diuretics, statins, psychiatric medications, and NSAIDs can increase sensitivity to sunlight.
Sunburn Treatment
- Effective treatments include cool compresses, analgesics like ibuprofen, topical aloe vera, and moisturizing agents.
Sunscreen Product Recalls
- Johnson & Johnson recalled specific spray-on sunscreens due to elevated benzene levels, linked to serious health risks.
Melanoma Detection: ABCDE Method
- Learn to detect melanoma using the ABCDE method, which includes assessing asymmetry, border, color, diameter, and evolving characteristics of moles.
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Description
This quiz covers essential knowledge about various skin conditions such as acne, dermatitis, and dry skin. It also explores the treatment options available, particularly focusing on non-prescription products and the role pharmacists play in managing minor ailments. Test your understanding of drug mechanisms and interactions related to dermatological care.
