Deriving Ordinary Least Squares Estimates
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Questions and Answers

What is the total sum of squares (SST) in OLS regression?

  • The explained sum of squares (SSE)
  • The sum of squared residuals (correct)
  • The variation explained by x
  • The residual sum of squares (SSR)

If the OLS intercept and slope estimates are multiplied by a constant c, what happens?

  • They increase proportionally (correct)
  • They remain unchanged
  • They become undefined
  • They decrease proportionally

What does the residual sum of squares (SSR) represent in OLS regression?

  • The unexplained variation in the dependent variable (correct)
  • The fraction of sample variation explained by x
  • The explained variation compared to the total variation
  • The total variation in the dependent variable

If the independent variable in OLS regression is divided by a constant c, what happens to the OLS slope coefficient?

<p>It decreases proportionally (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the interpretation of R-squared in regression analysis?

<p>The fraction of sample variation in y explained by x (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Incorporating nonlinearities, what form is used in the example of a Log Wage Equation?

<p>Semi-logarithmic form (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the error term in a regression model?

<p>To represent the variability in the dependent variable that is not explained by the independent variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a regression analysis, what does a residual represent?

<p>The difference between the actual observed value and the predicted value by the regression model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Ordinary Least Squares estimates calculated in a regression model?

<p>By minimizing the sum of squared residuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a residual is negative?

<p>The observed value is less than the predicted value by the regression model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is minimizing the sum of squared residuals important in regression analysis?

<p>It ensures that the model fits the data as closely as possible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an outlier have on the sum of squared residuals in a regression model?

<p>Increases the sum of squared residuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sum of squared residuals represent in the context of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)?

<p>The total sum of the unexplained errors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having a sample covariance of zero between regressors and OLS residuals?

<p>It implies no linear relationship between the independent and dependent variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary interest in most cases when determining Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression estimates?

<p>The slope of the regression line (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it signify if the OLS regression line underpredicts yi for a given observation?

<p>The residual for that observation is positive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Property 3 of Algebraic Properties of OLS Statistics state?

<p>The OLS regression line passes through a specific point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of OLS, what does it mean if the sample average of the OLS residuals is zero?

<p>The errors in prediction balance out to zero on average (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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